Factors Involved in Morphogenesis in the Muscle–Tendon–Bone Complex

Abe, Shinichi; Yamamoto, Masahito

doi:10.3390/ijms22126365

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To discuss the morphogenesis, one must also consider the theory called as the “muscle–tendon-bone complex 53 ” which has been reported recently. According to this theory, differences in the function and load of the muscle attached to the bone could drive the morphogenesis and maintenance of the bone itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period

Utsunomiya

Katsube

Yamaguchi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The sphenoid has a complicated shape, and its morphogenesis during early development remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the detailed morphogenesis of the sphenoid and to visualize it three-dimensionally using histological section (HS) and phase-contrast X-ray CT (PCX-CT). We examined 54 specimens using HS and 57 specimens using PCX-CT, and summarized the initial morphogenesis of the sphenoid during Carnegie stage (CS) 17 to 23. The 3D models reconstructed using PCX-CT demonstrated that some neural foramina have the common process of "neuro-advanced" formation and revealed that shape change in the anterior sphenoid lasts longer than that of the posterior sphenoid, implying that the anterior sphenoid may have plasticity to produce morphological variations in the human face. Moreover, we measured the cranial base angle (CBA) in an accurate midsagittal section acquired using PCX-CT and found that the CBA against CS was largest at CS21. Meanwhile, CBA against body length showed no striking peak, suggesting that the angulation during the embryonic period may be related to any developmental events along the progress of stages rather than to a simple body enlargement. Our study elucidated the normal growth of the embryonic sphenoid, which has implications for the development and evolution of the human cranium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period

Utsunomiya

Katsube

Yamaguchi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, since it is known that regenerated muscles are formed inside the tissue immediately after the necrosis of muscle, the plasticity of the muscle has been investigated from various viewpoints [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. Recent studies have also revealed that myotendinous junctions, connecting tendon tissues, and bones develop and regenerate as tissue complexes, particularly in muscle attachments, such as the temporomandibular region [ 86 ]. Musculoskeletal disorders in elderly people are attributable to the destruction of the muscle–bone connections as well as age-related changes in muscles, and further studies in this area are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Regeneration of Muscle, Tendon, and Myotendinous Junctions in Striated Skeletal Muscle

Yamamoto

Sakiyama

Kitamura

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Owing to a rapid increase in aging population in recent years, the deterioration of motor function in older adults has become an important social problem, and several studies have aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying muscle function decline. Furthermore, structural maintenance of the muscle–tendon–bone complexes in the muscle attachment sites is important for motor function, particularly for joints; however, the development and regeneration of these complexes have not been studied thoroughly and require further elucidation. Recent studies have provided insights into the roles of mesenchymal progenitors in the development and regeneration of muscles and myotendinous junctions. In particular, studies on muscles and myotendinous junctions have—through the use of the recently developed scRNA-seq—reported the presence of syncytia, thereby suggesting that fibroblasts may be transformed into myoblasts in a BMP-dependent manner. In addition, the high mobility group box 1—a DNA-binding protein found in nuclei—is reportedly involved in muscle regeneration. Furthermore, studies have identified several factors required for the formation of locomotor apparatuses, e.g., tenomodulin (Tnmd) and mohawk (Mkx), which are essential for tendon maturation.

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“…Tnmd was also detected at the mRNA level. Although Sox9 is known to be a marker of cartilage and bone development, in recent years it has also been reported to be a marker common to the “muscle–tendon–bone complex” at muscle attachment sites [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. A paper examining the origin of the extraocular muscles that move the eyeball shows that several muscles originate from common tendons for their complex functions [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Myostatin on Nuclear Morphology at the Myotendinous Junction

Amemiya

Yamamoto

Higa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Myostatin (Myo) is known to suppress skeletal muscle growth, and was recently reported to control tendon homeostasis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulatory involvement of Myo in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) in vivo and in vitro. After Achilles tendon injury in mice, we identified unexpected cell accumulation on the tendon side of the MTJ. At postoperative day 7 (POD7), the nuclei had an egg-like profile, whereas at POD28 they were spindle-shaped. The aspect ratio of nuclei on the tendon side of the MTJ differed significantly between POD7 and POD28 (p = 4.67 × 10−34). We then investigated Myo expression in the injured Achilles tendon. At the MTJ, Myo expression was significantly increased at POD28 relative to POD7 (p = 0.0309). To investigate the action of Myo in vitro, we then prepared laminated sheets of myoblasts (C2C12) and fibroblasts (NIH3T3) (a pseudo MTJ model). Myo did not affect the expression of Pax7 and desmin (markers of muscle development), scleraxis and temonodulin (markers of tendon development), or Sox9 (a common marker of muscle and tendon development) in the cell sheets. However, Myo changed the nuclear morphology of scleraxis-positive cells arrayed at the boundary between the myoblast sheet and the fibroblast sheet (aspect ratio of the cell nuclei, myostatin(+) vs. myostatin(-): p = 0.000134). Myo may strengthen the connection at the MTJ in the initial stages of growth and wound healing.

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Factors Involved in Morphogenesis in the Muscle–Tendon–Bone Complex

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period

The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period

Development and Regeneration of Muscle, Tendon, and Myotendinous Junctions in Striated Skeletal Muscle

Effects of Myostatin on Nuclear Morphology at the Myotendinous Junction

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