Factors other than fibrosis that increase measured shear wave velocity

Naganuma, Hiroko; Ishida, Hideaki

doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6512

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Due to the lack of high‐grade inflammation and rejection in the current cohort, it is unclear whether SWD can be used as a measure of inflammation in grafted livers (Figure 3). 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, one patient with an SWE value of 16 kPa displayed only F1 on biopsy (Figure 4), but had underlying portal hypertension, which is a known confounding factor for increased liver stiffness. Another confounder for increased SWE values is inflammation, for which SWD has been reported as a promising marker, 26,29 however, studies on this novel measure of viscosity, are very scarce, and to our knowledge lacking in pediatric liver recipients. The median SWD value of 13.6 m/s kHz in the current study, in which approximately 50% of the patients had no inflammation and 50% displayed grade 1 inflammation, is higher in comparison to the two studies previously published on healthy children, reporting SWD values of 11.4 m/s kHz and 11.7 m/s kHz 25,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SWD reflects tissue characteristics other than fibrosis, and multiple factors can alter tissue viscosity 29,30 . It is important to elucidate what conditions affect liver viscosity in terms of increased SWD values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow‐up of pediatric liver grafts

Cetinić

Lange

Boström

et al. 2023

Pediatric Transplantation

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BackgroundIt is unknown how shear wave dispersion (SWD) is displayed in pediatric liver transplant recipients and not fully elucidated how ultrasound shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) display within this cohort, which is important to determine to improve noninvasive surveillance of these patients. The study aimed to compare SWE and SWD values with histopathology in pediatric liver recipients.MethodsForty‐eight pediatric liver recipients were examined with SWE in conjunction with an elective liver biopsy (clinically without complication). Additionally, SWD values were measured in 21 children. SWE and SWD values were compared to histologically determined fibrosis graded as none‐to‐mild (F0–1) and moderate‐to‐severe (F2–4), and inflammation graded as low (grade 0–1) and high (grade 2–4).ResultsTwo children were excluded due to SWE IQR/median > 30% kPa. The mean age across 46 included patients was 10.9 years (range 1.4–18). The number of patients and median (range) SWE value (kPa) for each stage of fibrosis were: F0–1 [n = 23; 5.8 (3.2–16.1)], F2 [n = 22; 6.0 (4.5–25.9)], F3 [n = 1; 33.3], and F4 [n = 0]. Significantly higher SWE values and greater variability were registered in F2–4 vs. F0–1 (p = .05). Grade of fibrosis correlated weakly to SWE values (r = .3; p = .05), but not to SWD values (r = .2; p = .27). In patients with low‐grade inflammation, median SWD was 13.7 m/s KHz (10.7–17.6). Only one patient had high‐grade inflammation.ConclusionsUncomplicated transplanted liver grafts in a small pediatric cohort revealed slightly increased SWE and SWD values compared to previously reported values in healthy children. This likely reflect both the fibrotic and inflammatory elements in the grafts; however, other confounders impacting the liver's viscoelastic properties are also probable factors.

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“…Due to the lack of high‐grade inflammation and rejection in the current cohort, it is unclear whether SWD can be used as a measure of inflammation in grafted livers (Figure 3). 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow‐up of pediatric liver grafts

Cetinić

Lange

Boström

et al. 2023

Pediatric Transplantation

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“…3,[7][8][9] In human patients with chronic cholangitis, fibrotic peripheral bile ducts are present throughout the liver, forming a parenchyma environment similar to hepatic fibrosis, also causing increased shear wave velocities. 10 2D-SWE has also been used to evaluate dogs with hepatic fibrosis, documenting higher SWVs in dogs with clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis compared with healthy dogs. 11 Additionally, recent reports demonstrating the use of shear wave elastography in dogs with surgical treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and liver tumors have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shear wave elastography has been used as a noninvasive method to successfully evaluate the stage of hepatic fibrosis in humans, being able to distinguish human patients with no or minimal fibrosis from those with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis 3,7–9 . In human patients with chronic cholangitis, fibrotic peripheral bile ducts are present throughout the liver, forming a parenchyma environment similar to hepatic fibrosis, also causing increased shear wave velocities 10 . 2D‐SWE has also been used to evaluate dogs with hepatic fibrosis, documenting higher SWVs in dogs with clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis compared with healthy dogs 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear wave velocity values measured by 2D‐shear wave elastography are not different between awake and anesthetized cats without clinically significant hepatic fibrosis

Van

Rademacher

Liu

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) is widely used as a noninvasive method to quantify liver stiffness. In humans, liver stiffness approximates histologic hepatic fibrosis. While histology is the gold standard for diagnosing liver disease, 2D‐SWE may be a minimally invasive alternative to biopsy in feline patients. The objectives of this prospective, observational, crossover study were trifold: (1) to assess the feasibility of performing 2D‐SWE in awake cats, (2) to determine whether anesthesia altered shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements, and (3) to correlate hepatic stiffness with histologically quantified hepatic fibrosis. Eleven healthy, purpose‐bred cats underwent 2D‐SWE in awake and anesthetized states. SWV measurements were compared with histologic fibrosis measurements obtained from liver biopsies during the anesthetic period. The mean velocities were not significantly different between awake (1.47 ± 0.18 m/s) and anesthetized (1.47 ± 0.24 m/s) cats. Premedication and anesthetic drugs did not impact mean SWV. There was a higher variability in the SWV values in the awake group. The data points were reliably replicated, with an interquartile range of 0.24 and 0.32 in anesthetized and awake groups, respectively. There was moderate agreement between observers (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.66). All cats had clinically insignificant fibrosis. There was no correlation between the SWV measurements and the histological fibrosis values. This study demonstrates that 2D‐SWE is feasible in awake cats and that the anesthetic protocol employed did not significantly alter mean SWV. This work is the first to histologically validate normal SWV values in cats and show that 2D‐SWE cannot differentiate minimal differences in feline hepatic fibrosis.

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Relationship Between Spleen Pathologic Changes and Spleen Stiffness in Portal Hypertension Rat Model

Du,

Deng,

et al. 2024

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Factors other than fibrosis that increase measured shear wave velocity

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow‐up of pediatric liver grafts

Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow‐up of pediatric liver grafts

Shear wave velocity values measured by 2D‐shear wave elastography are not different between awake and anesthetized cats without clinically significant hepatic fibrosis

Relationship Between Spleen Pathologic Changes and Spleen Stiffness in Portal Hypertension Rat Model

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