The article provides an overview of the problem of postoperative adrenal insufficiency (AI) in patients after unilateral adrenalectomy. The clinical picture of AI and the consequences of untimely provision of medical care are described. The prevalence of the disease in various types of adrenal neoplasms after their surgical treatment is systematized and highlighted. Predictors of the AI development and modern laboratory methods for its diagnosis are presented. The issue of the current possibility of pharmacotherapy for this pathology has also been studied and highlighted. And more importantly, directions for the prevention of adrenal insufficiency in patients with adrenal neoplasms who are indicated for surgical treatment are described.