“…These concerns are, among others, that students in secondary education might not have fully developed their abstract thinking skills (Roth et al, 2016) and their perceptions might be influenced by both student variables (e.g., ethnicity, student performance; Levy et al, 2003) and teacher variables unrelated to teaching efficacy (e.g., teacher popularity; Fauth et al, 2014). Nevertheless recent studies have illustrated how teachers and teaching can benefit from making use of formative student feedback (Rollett et al, 2021a) and how students' ratings can serve as reliable measurements of teaching quality (Bijlsma et al, 2022). This study shows that students indicated that the use of formative assessment is not fully integrated in their classrooms yet, as was also acknowledged by teachers in a study using the same survey as a self-perception tool (Kippers et al, 2018).…”