Factors related to the carriage ofVerocytotoxigenic E. coli,Salmonella, thermophilicCampylobacterandYersinia enterocoliticain cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter

Milnes, Ailsa; Sayers, A. R.; Stewart, Isobel D.; Clifton-Hadley, F. A.; Davies, Robert; Newell, Diane G.; Cook, A. J. C.; Evans, S. J.; Smith, Richard P.; Paiba, G. A.

doi:10.1017/s095026880900199x

Cited by 75 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Their derived products also show similar seasonality in the prevalence of contamination [1,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among the factors that have been described as related to the seasonal release of VTEC are temperature, rainfall, insect population and seasonal variation in day length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation of HUS occurrence and VTEC infection in children with acute diarrhoea from Argentina

Rivero

Passucci

Rodríguez

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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In order to study the seasonality of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection in children, 437 patients under 6 years of age with acute diarrhoea were studied, 8% of whom progressed to HUS. VTEC was found in 10% of all of the stool samples analysed and seasonal occurrence of HUS (p < 0.01) was confirmed. VTEC infection was more prevalent in warm months, although the differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, a significant difference in the detection of O157:H7 serotype and in the vt profile between cold and warm months (autumn and winter; spring and summer, respectively) was established. The O157:H7 serotype was isolated more frequently during warm months. Moreover, a predominance of vt (2) was noted, which was partially replaced by the combination of vt (1) with vt (2) in the cold season. The results of this study indicate the seasonal variation of the disease and the presence of serotype O157:H7 and the vt types. They also reinforce the need to develop prevention programmes considering the seasonal pattern of the disease, which would generate an impact on public health. Control strategies of the pathogen in cattle in the most risky season of the year would also be of benefit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation of HUS occurrence and VTEC infection in children with acute diarrhoea from Argentina

Rivero

Passucci

Rodríguez

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Consistent with peak summer prevalence, 0=32 wild rabbits caught from January to March in proximity to cattle farms in the United Kingdom carried EC O157, but 8=97 were positive from May 30 to August 5 (Scaife et al, 2006). A year-long survey of 93 abattoirs in the United Kingdom showed peak carriage of EC O157:H7 from June to August (Milnes et al, 2009).…”

Section: Seasonal Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Ferens

Hovde

2011

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

481

327

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This review surveys the literature on carriage and transmission of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in the context of virulence factors and sampling=culture technique. EHEC of the O157:H7 serotype are worldwide zoonotic pathogens responsible for the majority of severe cases of human EHEC disease. EHEC O157:H7 strains are carried primarily by healthy cattle and other ruminants, but most of the bovine strains are not transmitted to people, and do not exhibit virulence factors associated with human disease. Prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 is probably underestimated. Carriage of EHEC O157:H7 by individual animals is typically shortlived, but pen and farm prevalence of specific isolates may extend for months or years and some carriers, designated as supershedders, may harbor high intestinal numbers of the pathogen for extended periods. The prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 in cattle peaks in the summer and is higher in postweaned calves and heifers than in younger and older animals. Virulent strains of EHEC O157:H7 are rarely harbored by pigs or chickens, but are found in turkeys. The bacteria rarely occur in wildlife with the exception of deer and are only sporadically carried by domestic animals and synanthropic rodents and birds. EHEC O157:H7 occur in amphibian, fish, and invertebrate carriers, and can colonize plant surfaces and tissues via attachment mechanisms different from those mediating intestinal attachment. Strains of EHEC O157:H7 exhibit high genetic variability but typically a small number of genetic types predominate in groups of cattle and a farm environment. Transmission to people occurs primarily via ingestion of inadequately processed contaminated food or water and less frequently through contact with manure, animals, or infected people.

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“…In addition, surveillance programs aim to improve the understanding of the sources and the prevalence of Salmonella starting from the primary production. Although the eradication of the pathogen is rarely achievable, a reduction of the pathogen load by identifying which factors influence the animal carriage status could help in reducing the risk to human health in an integrated food chain plan (Milnes et al ., 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing pigs at slaughter plants in Northern Italy

et al. 2014

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Finishing pigs carrying Salmonella enterica are believed to be the main source of carcass contamination at the beginning of slaughtering. The aim of this study was to assess the S. enterica carrier status of finishing pigs at herd level by sampling pooled faeces on farm and mesenteric lymph nodes at slaughter in the North East of Italy. Environmental faecal samples belonging to 30 batches of pigs were collected on farm. At slaughter, mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from five randomly selected pigs per batch. S. enterica was isolated from 16 lymph nodes out of 150 (10.6%) and from seven out of 30 (23.3%) faecal samples. Four batches (13.3%) were positive to S. enterica both in lymph nodes and in faeces. The number of batches positive to S. enterica either in lymph nodes or in faeces was 13 out of 30 (43.3%). The most prevalent serovars from lymph nodes were S. Derby (25.0%) and S. Typhimurium monophasic variant 1, 4,[5],12:i:- (18.6%), which were also isolated from faecal material (14.3 and 42.8% respectively). Contaminated faecal material or lymph nodes could be a primary source of carcass contamination at slaughter during evisceration. S. enterica contamination is widespread on pig farms and carrier pigs pass undetected the inspection visits at slaughter, entering the food chain. Therefore, in order to control S. enterica in pigs, the need to quantify possible risk factors at slaughter and develop effective management strategies on farm is of paramount importance to ensure food safety.

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Factors related to the carriage ofVerocytotoxigenic E. coli,Salmonella, thermophilicCampylobacterandYersinia enterocoliticain cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter

Cited by 75 publications

References 41 publications

Seasonal variation of HUS occurrence and VTEC infection in children with acute diarrhoea from Argentina

Seasonal variation of HUS occurrence and VTEC infection in children with acute diarrhoea from Argentina

Escherichia coliO157:H7: Animal Reservoir and Sources of Human Infection

Salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing pigs at slaughter plants in Northern Italy

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