Factors Related to Treatment Resistance in Hypertension

Toner, J. M.; Close, Colin; Ramsay, Lawrence E.

doi:10.1093/qjmed/77.2.1195

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Heavy caffeine use is also associated with cigarette smoking. Since cigarette smoking is associated with hypertension and snoring, it may be the smoking that is responsible for the association with these conditions rather than the caffeine (22,23).…”

Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

The safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and herbal caffeine and ephedrine use as a weight loss agent

Greenway

2001

Obesity Reviews

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Since passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, the sale of herbal dietary supplements containing caffeine and ephedrine for weight loss has become widespread in the United States. Reports of adverse events associated with the use of these non-prescription supplements have raised concerns in the United States regulatory community. Restricting the use of these products is now being considered. Such restriction should be based upon controlled clinical trials. This review of the literature in Medline relative to the use of caffeine and ephedrine in the treatment of obesity concludes that caffeine and ephedrine are effective in causing weight loss. Caffeine and ephedrine give equivalent weight loss to Diethylpropion and superior weight loss compared to dexfenfluramine. Caffeine and ephedrine have a long history of safe, non-prescription use. The adverse events accompanying acute dosing are mild and transient. Adverse events with caffeine and ephedrine reach and remain at placebo levels after 4-12 weeks of continuous treatment, but data from randomized trials up to 6 months only are available. Obesity is chronic, requires chronic treatment, its incidence is increasing and it has few effective treatments. The benefits of caffeine and ephedrine in treating obesity appear to outweigh the small associated risks. Restriction of dietary herbal supplements containing caffeine and ephedrine, often with other ingredients, should be based on controlled clinical trials of these products.

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Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

The safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and herbal caffeine and ephedrine use as a weight loss agent

Greenway

2001

Obesity Reviews

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“…One-fifth of the adult Omani population was overweight particularly visceral or abdominal, with increasing trend. 2,54,55 Obesity was associated with 36.8% of diabetics. 8,13,56 Hence, WC and BMI are better risk indicators of DM associated with increase in insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-assessment score for screening diabetes mellitus among Omani adults

et al. 2013

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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate a self-administered risk-assessment scoring system for identifying Omani adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:An exploratory cross-sectional design was used. Simple random sampling was used to select 93 adults in Muscat. Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Nursing Research and Ethics Committee. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was used to collect the data in 2009. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Data were analysed with the Pearson chi-square test.Results:A total of 9.7% of the adults had very high FINDRISC and 17.2% had slightly elevated risk of developing T2DM within 10 years. The risk assessment (family history, waist circumference, body mass index, physical activity, dietary intake, hypertension and high blood glucose) of T2DM was significant and positively related to the prediction of T2DM among Omani adults.

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“…However, the presence of unrecognized interrelated covariates may be difficult to exclude, especially at an early stage of drug development. Another example of correlations between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics caused by a third patient characteristic includes the effect of renal function impairment on both clearance and antihypertensive effectiveness of some antihypertensive drugs 10 . Similarly, cardiac and renal function in congestive heart failure may influence both disposition and effect of cardiovascular drugs such as cardiac glycosides and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors 11 .…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example of correlations between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics caused by a third patient characteristic includes the effect of renal function impairment on both clearance and antihypertensive effectiveness of some antihypertensive drugs. 10 Similarly, cardiac and renal function in congestive heart failure may influence both disposition and effect of cardiovascular drugs such as cardiac glycosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. 11 Finally, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both clearance and bronchodilatory effectiveness of theophylline may be reduced in subjects with more severe pulmonary disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%