Factors responsible for late presentation of undescended testis among hail community and estimation of public awareness about cryptorchidism, Saudi Arabia

Madni, Misheal; Alzimam, Meral; Alfayez, Adel Ahmed; Alnabri, Maram; Alharbi, Salman; Alanazi, Khulaif; Bashantoof, Shada; Albalawi, Reem

doi:10.24911/ijmdc.51-1609751630

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In our study, a small percentage (15.4%) of participants had previous experience with UDT; those with prior experience had a better understanding of the condition. This is consistent with a study in Hail [ 10 ], where 23.1% of participants had prior experience. Among participants in our study with previous experience, most had been diagnosed with UDT shortly after birth; these findings align with the Hail study [ 10 ], where 22.4% of cases were diagnosed at birth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, despite their education level, only 56% of the participants were aware of the UDT condition. These demographic features are similar to a study conducted in Hail, Saudi Arabia [ 10 ], where the majority of participants were also women (63.6%) with a Bachelor's degree (80.2%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We adopted a valid questionnaire from a previously published article and added a question to assess knowledge of the complications caused by an intervention delay [ 10 ]. The questionnaire was translated into the Arabic language by native speakers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the Saudi population in Hail, only 29.9% of patients meet the recommended timeframe for orchidopexy. A statistically significant difference has been found in the awareness of UDT when there is previous experience of UDT, namely, either having a child or knowing a relative with UDT [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge Level of Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia: Why Are We Facing Delayed Presentation?

Abdulrahman,

Dahlawi,

Almalki

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Undescended testis (UDT) or cryptorchidism is a common pediatric surgical presentation. The accepted time for surgical correction (orchidopexy) is when the patient is aged from six months, and should ideally be completed before one year of age. In Saudi Arabia, the median age at the time of orchidopexy is 25 months, exceeding the recommended surgery time. Objective The objective of the study was to determine the factors that cause delayed presentation of UDT among children in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional, nationwide study targeting the general population of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in November 2022 using a validated questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. Results A total of 2360 participants were enrolled. Over half (54.92%) had not heard about UDT. Further, 48.5% of the participants did not know the age of UDT presentation, and 49.1% had no idea about the treatment modality. Moreover, 13.9% had known someone diagnosed with UDT, while 17.68% discovered UDT after more than a year. In addition, 1.5% had previous experience with UDT, and 22.86% were diagnosed after more than a year. There was a significantly high level of knowledge among participants who had experienced UDT. The three most common reasons for delaying the intervention for UDT patients were a lack of community awareness of UDT, parents' ignorance and neglect, and a lack of early screening programs (22.3%, 21.7%, and 19.7%, respectively). Conclusion Our data demonstrated a significant lack of awareness of UDT among the Saudi population since 1296 (54.92%) of the participants had not heard about UDT. The presence of such an awareness gap necessitates cultural education about the topic of UDT by all capable facilities, including medical schools, hospitals, and primary healthcare centers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Knowledge Level of Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia: Why Are We Facing Delayed Presentation?

Abdulrahman,

Dahlawi,

Almalki

et al. 2023

Cureus

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show abstract

“…In the literature, multiple studies have assessed the age of presentation in boys with UDT and the influencing factors of delayed presentation [ 12 , 13 ]. Unfortunately, both international and local studies have shown a deviation from the international guidelines' recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Early vs. Late Surgical Intervention in Children With Undescended Testis

AlSahli,

Alabdulsalam,

Mahfouz

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common urogenital abnormalities. International guidelines recommend performing orchidopexy no later than 18 months to decrease the risk of complications associated with UDT such as infertility and testicular malignancy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the outcomes of early versus late surgical intervention of UDT and to assess if the optimal age of orchidopexy is met. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 258 pediatric patients' testes with no prior UDT intervention from January 2016 to December 2020. A chart review was used to collect the patients’ data. Children included were categorized into two groups based on their age at the time of surgery (group A ≤ 18 months and group B > 18 months). Statistical differences were explored using Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables or a Wilcoxon rank sum test for numerical variables. A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The median age at the presentation among the overall cohort was 14 months. The median age at the presentation for group A was six months and group B was 35 months. Group A included 109 children and group B included 149 children. At the time of the surgery, the median age of patients was 23 months. The median age at orchidopexy for group A was 12 months and the median age for group B was 38 months. The time between diagnosis and surgery was significantly shorter among older children with a median duration of one month versus a median of five months among patients in the ≤18 months group (p = 0.003). The follow-up interval was at three and 12 months. The change in testicular size before and after surgeries was statistically significant, as most small testicles before surgeries had become normal in size after surgeries among the overall cohort (76.6%), patients aged ≤18 months (72.4%), and those aged >18 months (79.2%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Most of the patients included in this study did not undergo orchidopexy at the optimal age recommended by the international guidelines. However, there was a statistically significant improvement in testicular size following orchidopexy in children with small UDT regardless of age at the time of surgery.

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Analysis of Factor Influencing Delayed Referral of Undescended Testis

Janardhana

Daryanto

Gumilar

2023

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: The rate of delay in the referral of patients with undescended testis (UDT) to health facilities in Indonesia is still relatively high due to delays in the handling of urological surgery. Hence, it requires rapid and appropriate identification and early detection of patients with UDT in the community. AIM: The study aims to analyze the factors of delay in referral in cases of UDT management. METHODS: This study used a cohort design with a retrospective review approach to analyze various factors that cause delays in referring patients with UDT. Collecting identification was done by tracing UDT case-patient documents from January 2016 to November 2021. Data analysis used the Mann–Whitney and Chi-square comparison test, with significance achieved if the p < 0.05. RESULTS: Delay by doctors/paramedics who were not followed up, ignorance of the risk of delaying surgery, and undiagnosed UDT by parents/health-care providers showed a significant difference where the percentage of patients who were delayed was greater on these factors. In addition, the reference source is also known to have a significant difference with a significant value (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Factors that played a significant role in the delay in operative procedures for treating UDT were delays in referral from doctors (p < 0.025) (primary care physicians and pediatricians) and undiagnosed UDT conditions in patients (< 0.005).

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Factors responsible for late presentation of undescended testis among hail community and estimation of public awareness about cryptorchidism, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Knowledge Level of Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia: Why Are We Facing Delayed Presentation?

Knowledge Level of Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia: Why Are We Facing Delayed Presentation?

Outcomes of Early vs. Late Surgical Intervention in Children With Undescended Testis

Analysis of Factor Influencing Delayed Referral of Undescended Testis

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