Factors that determine directional constraint in ipsilateral hand-foot coordinated movements

Nakagawa, Kento; Muraoka, Tetsuro; Kanosue, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1002/phy2.108

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our previous study (Nakagawa et al. ), as well as in the study by Ridderikhoff et al. (), three factors (“interaction in efferent process”, “interaction of afferent signals”, and “error correction”) were proposed to underlie the directional constraint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…; Nakagawa et al. ). However, other mechanisms might also contribute to the directional constraint in ipsilateral hand‐foot coordination, because the directional constraint in the active condition was stronger than that in the passive condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…; Nakagawa et al. ), such a function could not be involved with the directional constraint in the passive condition because the subjects only controlled the movements of one limb. In addition, there must be a difference in afferent signals between active and passive movements, because coactivation of γ ‐neurons exists in the former but not in the latter: That is, afferent signals should be stronger for actively moving limbs than for passively moving limbs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, ; Nakagawa et al. ). If the responses of the active and passive conditions differ, the control strategy of the active condition would not solely depend on closed‐loop control, and other mechanisms of necessity would be involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Potential explanation of limb combination performance differences for two-limb coordination tasks

2015

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Rhythmic two-limb coordinated movements in the sagittal plane are variable and inaccurate when the movements are in the opposite direction as compared with those in the same direction (directional constraint). The magnitude of directional constraint depends on the particular limb combination. It is prominent in ipsilateral hand-foot coordination, but minimal in bimanual hand coordination. The reason for such differences remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the production of the difference that depend on limb combination. Subjects performed two-limb rhythmic coordinated movements either in the same or in the opposite direction for three separate limb combinations (bilateral hands, contralateral hand and foot, and ipsilateral hand and foot). For each combination two different tasks were performed. In the first condition, subjects actively moved two limbs (active condition). Second, subjects actively moved one limb in coordination with a passively moved limb (passive condition). In the active condition, the directional constraint was dependent upon the limb combination, as reported in previous studies; the directional constraint was quite prominent in ipsilateral combinations, intermediate in contralateral combinations, and minimal for bilateral combination. However, differences in the directional constraint did not depend on limb combination for any combination in the passive conditions which apparently utilized closed-loop control. In other word, the difference depending on limb combination disappeared when control strategies become uniformly closed-loop. Thus, we speculate that the control strategy utilized depends on limb combination in the active condition. Additionally, different mechanisms other than closed-loop control also would have influence depending on the particular limb combination. This may result in differences in performance depending upon the limb combination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Potential explanation of limb combination performance differences for two-limb coordination tasks

2015

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“…The recumbent position rules out the need for activation of diagonal relations, because the task of balance maintenance during walking and its stabilization is absent [33]. There is evidence that in phase ipsilateral movements are easier to perform for humans when they perform rhythmic but not locomo tor tasks [34][35][36]. This can partly explain the higher prevalence of ambling under our experimental condi tions in combined arm and leg movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Activation of interlimb interactions increases the motor output in legs of healthy subjects: Study under the conditions of arm and leg unloading

2016

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The effect of arm movements and movements of individual arm joints on the electrophysiological and kinematic characteristics of voluntary and vibration triggered stepping like leg movements was studied under the conditions of horizontal support of the upper and lower limbs. The horizontal support of arms pro vided a significant increase in the rate of activation of locomotor automatism by noninvasive impact on tonic sensory inputs. The addition of active arm movements during involuntary stepping like leg movements led to an increase in the EMG activity of hip muscles and was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of hip and shin movements. The movement of the shoulder joints led to an increase in the activity of hip muscles and was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of hip and shin movements. Passive arm movements had the same effect on induced leg movements. The movement of the shoulder joints led to an increase in the activity of hip muscles and an increase in the amplitude of movements of knee and hip joints. At the same time, the movement of forearms and wrists had a similar facilitating effect on the physiological and kinematic characteristics of rhythmic stepping like movements, but influenced the distal segments of legs to a greater extent. Under the conditions of subthreshold vibration of leg muscles, voluntary arm movements led to acti vation of involuntary rhythmic stepping movements. During voluntary leg movements, the addition of arm movements had a significantly smaller impact on the parameters of rhythmic stepping than during involun tary leg movements. Thus, the simultaneous movements of the upper and lower limbs are an effective method of activation of neural networks connecting the rhythm generators of arms and legs. Under the conditions of arm and leg unloading, the interactions between the cervical and lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord seem to play the major role in the impact of arm movements on the patterns of leg movements. The described methods of activation of interlimb interactions can be used in the rehabilitation of post stroke patients and patients with spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological diseases.

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Hand–foot coordination is significantly influenced by motion direction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2022

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Generally, when individuals attempt to move two limbs rhythmically in the opposite direction (e.g., flex the left hand and extend the left foot along the sagittal plane), the movements tend to be instead performed in the same direction. This phenomenon, known as directional constraint, can be harnessed to examine the difficulties in movement coordination exhibited by most individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While such difficulties have already been investigated through standardized clinical assessments, they have not been examined through kinematic methods. Thus, we employed a clinical assessment scale in an experimentally controlled environment to investigate whether stronger directional constraint during the rhythmic movement of two limbs is more pronounced and associated with decreased movement coordination in individuals with ASD. ASD and typically developing (TD) participants were asked to rhythmically move two limbs either in the same or opposite directions. In addition, the coordination skills of participants were assessed using the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT‐2). Subjects with ASD showed significantly stronger directional constraint than TD participants during the contralateral and ipsilateral movement of the hand and foot. According to the pooled data from both groups, participants who showed stronger directional constraint during these two movement conditions also exhibited poorer coordinated movement skills in the BOT‐2. These results suggest that people with ASD may have difficulties in inhibiting the neural signals that synchronize the direction of inter‐limb movements, thus resulting in coordination disabilities. Lay Summary Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit difficulties in coordinated movements. We asked those with ASD and typically developing (TD) participants to move two limbs (e.g., left hand and left foot) either in the same or the opposite direction. Results demonstrated that participants with ASD had more difficulties in counteracting the tendency of their hand and foot to synchronously move in the same direction. Our findings suggested that difficulties to suppress synchronized movements of the hand and foot result in coordination disabilities.

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Factors that determine directional constraint in ipsilateral hand-foot coordinated movements

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Potential explanation of limb combination performance differences for two-limb coordination tasks

Potential explanation of limb combination performance differences for two-limb coordination tasks

Activation of interlimb interactions increases the motor output in legs of healthy subjects: Study under the conditions of arm and leg unloading

Hand–foot coordination is significantly influenced by motion direction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

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