“…Currently, ethnic minorities comprise approximately 25% of the total U.S. population (6); yet, they are severely underrepresented in most health occupations, with nursing no exception. Nearly 80% of nurse-midwives who took the initial certification examination between 1988 and 1994 were white non-Hispanics (6). The recruitment, retention, and graduation of increasing numbers of minorities in the health care professions, in general, and in nursing and its subspecialities, in particular, is central in developing cultural competence in the provision of health care and midwifery services.…”