“…Upgrading paediatric critical care facilities in low- and middle-income countries presents multifaceted challenges. These include issues such as educational gaps in training personnel for this specialized field, logistical hurdles in ensuring the availability of new essential equipment and supplies, and complex infrastructure requirements, ranging from oxygen plants to equipment maintenance ( 2 , 4 , 5 ). Furthermore, the expansion of critical care services brings about transformative changes in clinical possibilities while also introducing new ethical dilemmas ( 6 ).…”