Facts, rules, and strategies in single-digit multiplication: evidence from event-related brain potentials

Early strategies of elementary school children’s single word reading

“…More difficult tasks, however, which demand the usage of procedural strategies, were related to stronger bilateral activation in frontal and parietal cortices (Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, & Cohen, 2003;Grabner et al, 2007Grabner et al, , 2009Stanescu-Cosson et al, 2000). Furthermore, results of event-related potential (ERP) studies showed also different activation patterns for retrieval and procedural strategies in calculation tasks (Jost, Beinhoff, Hennighausen, & Rosler, 2004;Nunez-Pena, Cortinas, & Escera, 2006). In addition, De Smedt, Grabner, and Studer (2009) analyzed event-related synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) in the theta and alpha bands during calculation, which represent a high occurrence of retrieval or procedural strategy use, respectively.…”

The influence of rhythmic (ir)regularities on speech processing: Evidence from an ERP study on German phrases

“…Still, a similar negativity is elicited by the rhythmic deviation of CLASH. Note that a similar component does not only occur in the context of language processing but was also observed in different areas outside of linguistic processes, e.g., in deviations in tone sequences (Brochard et al, 2003;Abecasis et al, 2005;Geiser et al, 2009) and in musical sequences (Patel, Gibson, Ratner, Besson, & Holcomb, 1998;Koelsch et al, 2000), as well as in violations of arithmetic rules (Jost, Beinhoff, Henninghausen, & Rösler, 2004;Nú ñez-Peña & Honrubia-Serrano, 2004). Functionally, this negativity may be interpreted -comparable to the LAN -as the reflection of recognizing deviations and violations in regular structures.…”

On the relationship between slow cortical potentials and BOLD signal changes in humans

“…These potentials, which are the main focus of the present review, typically have longer durations (up to 10 s) than the CNV and RP (usually up to 2 s). Their topography and amplitude have been found to be strongly task-dependent and sensitive to a broad spectrum of cognitive processes, ranging from selective attention (Hansen and Hillyard, 1980) and memory retrieval (Khader et al, 2005b(Khader et al, , 2007Rösler et al, 1995a,b) to mental imagery (Lamm et al, 2001(Lamm et al, , 2005Schicke et al, 2006), mental arithmetic (Jost et al, 2004), and concept formation (Lang et al, 1987). Moreover, task-specific slow-wave patterns indicate permanent changes of the functional topography of the cortex due to mechanisms of neural plasticity (e.g., in blind vs. sighted people) (Röder et al, 1996).…”