Facultative Hyperparasitism: Extreme Survival Behaviour of the Primary Solitary Ectoparasitoid,<i>Dinarmus basalis</i>

Rojas‐Rousse, Danielle

doi:10.1673/031.010.10101

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This research has confirmed reports by Ketoh et al (2002), Iloba et al (2007), Rojas-Rousse (2010) that Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans reduce the population of bruchids in stores and therefore has the potential for utilization as a biological control agent against a serious internal-feeding pest of small grains, C. maculatus in a traditional storage bin. The time of introduction of the parasitoid wasps was very crucial in arresting the vulnerable stages of the bruchids which are the larval, the pre-pupa and the pupal stages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Competition in the Parasitization of Callosobruchus maculatus between Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans on Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) Seeds

Umoetok¹,

Ukeh²,

Udo³

et al. 2012

SAR

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Laboratory study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of hymenopteran parasitoids, (Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans) parasitization of Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds in the Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Treatments were the inoculation of D. basalis (sole), C. elegans (sole), a mixture of D. basalis and C. elegans into infested cowpea seeds and the control which received no parasitoids. The introduction of parasitoids was repeated at 3 d interval, and all treatments were replicated 3 times. Result indicated that early introduction of the parasitoids caused significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mortality of C.maculatus than late introduction. Mix culture of both parasitoids was significantly more efficacious than sole culture. The emergence of each parasitoid and the mortality of C. maculatus in sole culture showed a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive relationship (r = 0.487) between C. maculatus and D. basalis but non-significant (P ≥ 0.05) though positive association (r = 0.289) with C. elegans. A multiple regression analysis between C. maculatus mortality and the emergence of the two parasitoids in mix culture also indicated a highly positive significant (P ≤ 0.01) relationship (R = 0.751, R 2 = 0.564). Pearson Correlation analysis also showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive association (r = 0.464, and 0.401) between C. maculatus mortality and emergence of C. elegans and D. basalis in mix culture, respectively. However, a non significant (P ≥ 0.05) negative relationship (r = -0.336) was observed between the two parasitoids in their emergence in mix culture, but D. basalis contributed more to the mortality of C. maculatus than C. elegans. Data from this study showed that D. basalis and C. elegans have potentials to be deployed as biological control entities in the management of C. maculatus as a part of the integrated pest management strategies of storage pests in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Competition in the Parasitization of Callosobruchus maculatus between Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans on Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) Seeds

Umoetok¹,

Ukeh²,

Udo³

et al. 2012

SAR

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“…Furthermore, T. japonicus engages in more aggressive interactions and spends more time foraging on guarded (already‐parasitized) egg masses despite the fact that oviposition is rarely successful and developmental outcome is poor. However, this may be an artefact of increased oviposition pressure in no‐choice tests or small‐cage arenas (Murray et al, 2010 ; Rojas‐Rousse, 2010 ), or it may be due to a high egg load or low egg retention capacity in the absence of suitable hosts (Agboka et al, 2002 ; Collier et al, 2002 ; Stokkebo & Hardy, 2000 ). Choice tests in future studies may help clarify whether T. japonicus is able to discriminate between suitable (unparasitized) and unsuitable (parasitized) host eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A temporal trophic shift from primary parasitism to facultative hyperparasitism during interspecific competition between two coevolved scelionid egg parasitoids

Haye

Zhang

Risse

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding competition between scelionid parasitoids that exploit the same host may provide insight into strategies that allow coexistence on a shared resource.Competition studies typically focus on interactions between native and exotic parasitoids that do not share an evolutionary history; however, coevolved parasitoids may be more likely to demonstrate strategies to avoid or exploit a shared resource. We examined intrinsic and extrinsic competition between Asian Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) and T. cultratus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) associated with Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) that share an evolutionary history. Interspecific interactions were assessed by providing parasitized egg masses to each species at various intervals post-parasitism, and measuring host acceptance, developmental suitability, and guarding behaviour. Trissolcus japonicus showed high acceptance of parasitized hosts up to 72 h following oviposition by T. cultratus, despite a very poor developmental outcome. In contrast, T. cultratus generally avoided ovipositing in H. halys eggs containing T. japonicus early-instar larvae but did not avoid parasitizing H. halys that contained eggs and third instar larvae. The adaptive value of this behaviour was supported by developmental outcome: T. cultratus outcompeted T. japonicus eggs but not early-instar larvae, and a trophic shift occurred wherein T. cultratus developed as a facultative hyperparasitoid on third instar T. japonicus larvae. Trissolcus japonicus guarded egg masses 8-12× longer and displayed more aggressive interactions than T. cultratus, suggesting T. japonicus is the superior extrinsic competitor. Development as a facultative hyperparasitoid provided a competitive niche for Asian T. cultratus and confirms its instrinsic competitive superiority. This also occurs in a biologically distinct European population of T. cultratus, suggesting that facultative hyperparasitism as a competitive strategy is retained in geographically separated populations that have not coevolved with H. halys or T. japonicus.

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“…Dinarmus basalis (Pteromalidae) can also lay eggs on hosts containing conspecific larvae or pupae, but very few D . basalis eggs from hyperparasitized conspecific old larvae reach the adult stage [ 38 ]. Also, some smaller offspring had been observed when D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, some smaller offspring had been observed when D . basalis secondarily parasitized hosts, which was taken as a result of superparasitism and the depletion of host resources [ 38 ]. Whether these reports can be classified as conspecific hyperparasitism behavior needs further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperparasitism in a Generalist Ectoparasitic Pupal Parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), on Its Own Conspecifics: When the Lack of Resource Lead to Cannibalism

Chen

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Hyperparasitism is a normal behavior of parasitoids, which often happens among species. Conspecific hyperparasitism, such as some kinds of heteronomous hyperparasitic behaviors, has been only reported in some species belonging to Aphelinidae. In this article, the conspecific hyperparasitism of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae) is reported, with Drosophila puparia as hosts. Hosts were exposed to P. vindemmiae females twice to parasitism with nine, twelve, and fifteen day intervals between the two exposures. None of the infested hosts emerged more than one offspring, and emergence of parasitoid offspring occurred in two obvious events, synchronously with the exposure time intervals, which suggested that offspring emerging during the first and second events would come from the primary and secondary parasitoids, respectively, and the inference with the developmental duration of offspring also indicated this. With two P. vindemmiae strains that could be identified by a simple sequence repeat marker, the above speculation of the origin of those offspring emerging during the two events was confirmed. Dissection of hosts exposed twice revealed a cannibalism behavior of larvae from the secondary foundresses on the primary conspecific pupae. Our results suggested a conspecific hyperparasitism behavior of the secondary parasitoids on the primary conspecifics. Measures showed a reduced body size for the adults from the conspecific hyperparasitism. Foundresses from the conspecific hyperparasitism had less fitness variables than those from primary parasitism, with shorter longevity, less life time fecundity, lower values of infestation degree, and lower success rate of parasitism. However, when the parasitoids from the conspecific hyperparasitism met healthy Drosophila puparia, their offspring would recover to normal size. Frequency of the conspecific hyperparasitism behavior enhanced with the decreasing of proportion of healthy hosts in the oviposition patch. The conspecific hyperparasitism of P. vindemmiae on the primary conspecifics would be helpful to last the population when healthy hosts are absent in the oviposition patch.

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Facultative Hyperparasitism: Extreme Survival Behaviour of the Primary Solitary Ectoparasitoid,Dinarmus basalis

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Competition in the Parasitization of Callosobruchus maculatus between Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans on Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) Seeds

Competition in the Parasitization of Callosobruchus maculatus between Dinarmus basalis and Choetospila elegans on Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) Seeds

A temporal trophic shift from primary parasitism to facultative hyperparasitism during interspecific competition between two coevolved scelionid egg parasitoids

Hyperparasitism in a Generalist Ectoparasitic Pupal Parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), on Its Own Conspecifics: When the Lack of Resource Lead to Cannibalism

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