“…Much of the literature assessing OER programs focuses on student academic performance and/ or retention, such as by Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, & Williams, 2016;Wiley, Williams, DeMarte, & Hilton, 2016;Grewe, 2017;Clinton, 2019;Hardin, Eschman, Spengler, Grizzell, Moody, Ross-Sheehy, & Fry, 2019;Engler & Shedlosky-Shoemaker, 2019;Cummings-Clay, 2020;Magro & Tabaei, 2020;Khoule, Idrissi, & Sze, 2021;Bol, Esqueda, Ryan, & Kimmel, 2022;Hollister & Patton, 2022;Griffiths, Mislevy, & Wang, 2022;and Jaggars, Prieto, Rivera, & Folk, 2022. These authors conclude that students who used OER either demonstrated the same or better academic performance and had the same or better retention rates in comparison to their peers who used commercial texts.…”