“…For example, department cultures that are learning-centered (Dubrow, 2004;Gess-Newsome, Southerland, Johnston, & Woodbury, 2003;Rutz, Condon, Iverson, Manduca, & Willett, 2012) and those encouraging innovation and risk are associated with student learning gains (Rutz et al, 2012). Systematic faculty observation can also support a culture of active learning on a campus (Fox & Hackerman, 2003;Galbraith & Merrill, 2012;Gasiewski, Eagan, Garcia, Hurtado, & Chang, 2012).…”