Fades, topography, and sedimentary processes in the Catskill Sea (Devonian), New York and Pennsylvania

Woodrow, Donald L.; Isley, Ann M.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<459:ftaspi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The Catskill Delta is a clastic wedge of material eroded from the Acadian Orogen and deposited into a northeast-trending basin that covered much of New York, Pennsylvania, and parts of Ohio (Woodrow and Isley, 1983;Brett, 1986;Brett and Baird, 1996). The strata in this area are interpreted to record several sea-level cycles, with maximum transgressive intervals or highstands marked by the deposition of black shales and lowstands to early transgressive events reflected by carbonate units (Kirchgasser et al, 1988;Brett et al, 1991).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Trace- And Body-Fossil Approach Reveals High-Resolution Record of Oxygen Fluctuations in Devonian Seas

Boyer

Droser

2011

PALAIOS

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Black shales deposited in epeiric seas preserve dynamic, bottom-water oxygen conditions as inferred from high-resolution trace-and body-fossil data. Nearly all paleoproxies are imperfect; however, this study utilizes the strength of paleobiological proxies to capture variability in bottomwater oxygen levels through aerobic and anaerobic, as well as dysaerobic (reduced but non-zero oxygen) conditions. Trace-and body-fossil data were collected at high resolution from twelve localities through central and western New York State, United States, exposing Devonian black shales. The combination of relative amount of bioturbation, estimated as ichnofabric index (ii), maximum burrow diameter measurements, and body-fossil species diversity allows relative bottom-water oxygen levels to be interpreted on a millimeter scale. Overall, trace-fossil size and diversity through the dysaerobic zone are much reduced compared with those described from younger strata. The decreased depth of bioturbation compared with younger strata, and resulting reduced overprinting of the sedimentological record by deep burrowing infauna, provide the opportunity for records of high frequency fluctuations in relative oxygen levels to be preserved. The biological signal preserved in these units reveals that bottom-water oxygen levels fluctuated considerably within a narrow stratigraphic range (on a centimeter scale) and that the dysaerobic zone is not temporally stable.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Trace- And Body-Fossil Approach Reveals High-Resolution Record of Oxygen Fluctuations in Devonian Seas

Boyer

Droser

2011

PALAIOS

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“…8;Cutter and Diaz 2000). Other mechanisms that could potentially produce such deposits are ''classical'' surge-type turbidites (Woodrow and Isley 1983;Woodrow 1985;Ettensohn 1985Ettensohn , 1987Brett 1986, 1991;Ettensohn et al 1988), wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows (WESGFs; Macquaker et al 2010), or possibly storm-driven nearshore sediment reworking and offshore transport (Aigner and Reineck 1982). WESGFs are wave-generated fluidized muds, have the potential to deposit large volumes of mud as fine-grained graded beds, and supposedly show a ''triplet'' succession of sedimentary features (Macquaker et al 2010) that resembles some of the interpreted hyperpycnites in the Geneseo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In prior studies, the siltstone intervals in the lower Genesee Group were interpreted as ''classical'' turbidites that resulted from slope failure and/or resuspension of sediments on the basin margin slope by internal waves that traveled along the pycnocline within the water column (Woodrow and Isley 1983;Woodrow 1985;Ettensohn 1985Ettensohn , 1987Brett 1986, 1991;Ettensohn et al 1988). However, the presence of normal and inverse lamina-set grading, internal scours, combined-flow ripples, and concave-up geometries indicate sediment transport in high-density turbulent flows that waxed and waned (Bhattacharya and MacEachern 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The conclusions from this study provide a new perspective for potential environments of deposition of organic-rich mudstones in an allegedly quiescent, anoxic foreland basin. There is no longer a need for a deep, stratified basin wherein sediment transport was driven by internal waves that eroded and mobilized deep water slope sediments (e.g., Woodrow and Isley 1983;Woodrow 1985;Ettensohn 1985Ettensohn , 1987Brett 1986, 1991;Ettensohn et al 1988), and where anoxia were critical for preservation of organic matter. The described strata are yet another example for a carbonaceous mudstone succession that was deposited under comparatively energetic conditions (Bohacs et al 2005;Schieber and Yawar 2009;Macqauker et al 2010), reflects multiple modes of sediment transport and deposition, and records significant carbon burial without a need for anoxic conditions.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Muddy Prodeltaic Hyperpycnites In the Lower Genesee Group of Central New York, USA: Implications For Mud Transport In Epicontinental Seas

Wilson

Schieber

2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Recent studies of marine continental shelves show that hyperpycnal flows are responsible for offshore transport of large volumes of sediment. Detailed facies analysis and petrography of the lower Genesee Group in the Northern Appalachian Basin (NAB) shows a wealth of sedimentary textures and fabrics that indicate mud deposition by lateral transport across and along the shelf under energetic conditions. Intervals of silt-rich mudstones and muddy siltstones with internal scours, diffuse stratification, soft-sediment deformation, normal and inverse lamina-set grading, and a reduced intensity and diversity of bioturbation occur in multiple facies types and ''interrupt'' what appears to be the overall background sedimentation. These intervals and their sedimentary features are interpreted as products of high-density fluvial discharge events, which generated turbulent flows that carried fine-grained clastics several tens of kilometers offshore from the paleoshoreline.Recognizing these sediments as products of river-flood-and storm-wave-generated offshore-directed underflows challenges previous depositional models for organic-rich mudstones in the lower Genesee succession, which call for clastic starvation and suspension settling of clay and silt in a deep stratified basin. Rapid deposition of fine-grained intervals from hyperpycnal plumes in a setting favoring preservation of organic-rich mudstones calls for a reappraisal of the depositional setting of not only the Genesee Group, but also of comparable mudstone successions in the Appalachian Basin and elsewhere.

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“…Potter and others (1982) and Woodrow (1983) also wrote sedimentologic summaries. Woodrow and Isley (1983) have presented the most recent sedimentologic analysis, working with selected outcrops in New York and Pennsylvania.…”

Section: Figure 1 Northeast-southwest Cross Section Of Catskill Deltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catskill Delta shallow marine strata

Dennison¹

1985

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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Shallow marine strata of the Devonian delta complex range from lower delta plain with some marine influence to lagoon, barrier island, shallow shelf, shelf margin, and gentle or steep slope, progressing seaward to deep-water deposits of black shales and some pelagic limestones. Shallow marine depositional history and lithofacies at any one place vary through time depending on: (1) tectonic uplift of source area and rate of erosion, (2) subsidence of the major basin, (3) sea-level changes, (4) localized basement tectonics, (5) random shifts of delta distributaries, (6) extent of delta progradation across the basin, (7) tidal amplitude, (8) longshore drift, and (9) intensity of mass wastage of the delta front.Deposition of prodelta muds immediately above the Oriskany Sandstone and Wallbridge Discontinuity began the history of the Catskill Delta complex. The initiation of prodelta siltstones shifted southward from New York in the Cazenovia Age to Tennessee in the Bradford Age. Maximum delta lobe progradation occurred simultaneously in all delta lobes in the mid-Bradford Age. The location with maximum detrital accumulation rate in eastern outcrop belts shifted southward from New York in the Middle Devonian to west-central Virginia in the very late Devonian, to southwestern Virginia at the beginning of the Mississippian. The area uplifted east of New York appears to have been reduced from the dominant sediment-input center as the locus of Acadian maximum uplift progressed southward. SCOPE OF PAPERThis paper emphasizes the strata deposited seaward from nonmarine, fluvial sediments and shoreward from deep-water black shales. This includes lower-delta-plain intertidal areas, the zone of wave interaction, barrier islands and lagoons, the shelf area generally below wave base except during large storms, the shelf margin, a gentle decline of slope toward deeper water and poorly oxygenated sediments, and/or turbidites at the foot of slopes and landward from basin-bottom. The deeper water sediments beyond the reach of turbidity currents or storm agitation are excluded. On the west side of the Appalachian basin some of the black shales change facies to more calcareous strata, probably representing better oxygenated conditions on the margin of the Cincinnati-Algonquin arch, but those areas are beyond the influence of the Catskill Delta. Some deep-water, pelagic micrites (Tully and Purcell Limestones from Pennsylvania to Virginia, for example) formed below wave-base when little terrigeneous detri-tus was entering the deeper basin, and these important timemarkers are not deltaic deposits. FACTORS AFFECTING DELTAIC SEDIMENTATIONDetails of deltaic sedimentation are less understood in the southern part of the Appalachian basin than in the north, because of the longer history of studies in New York and Pennsylvania and because of less severe structural deformation in the New York and extreme eastern Pennsylvania outcrops. However, the broad outlines of sedimentary tectonics are now becoming apparent for the entire Catskill Delta compl...

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Fades, topography, and sedimentary processes in the Catskill Sea (Devonian), New York and Pennsylvania

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

A Combined Trace- And Body-Fossil Approach Reveals High-Resolution Record of Oxygen Fluctuations in Devonian Seas

A Combined Trace- And Body-Fossil Approach Reveals High-Resolution Record of Oxygen Fluctuations in Devonian Seas

Muddy Prodeltaic Hyperpycnites In the Lower Genesee Group of Central New York, USA: Implications For Mud Transport In Epicontinental Seas

Catskill Delta shallow marine strata

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