Fading Characteristics in Evaporation Duct: Fade Margin for a Wireless Link in the South China Sea

Zaidi, Shabih H.; Jeoti, Varun; Drieberg, Micheal; Awang, Azlan; Iqbal, Asif

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2810299

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An analytical expression for the effective width of the trapping beam of a transmitter for over-the-sea transmission was derived in [13]. Reference [14], published this year, adopts mathematical formulations to calculate the complete fading margin of the South China Sea. References [15,16] placed an effort into finding the optimal frequency and antenna height for radio wave propagation in the evaporation duct.…”

Section: Classification Of Over-the-sea Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also other works on channel modeling for the over-the-sea environment with a focus on the effect of the evaporation duct height in the marine environment [22,23], and different frequencies taking into account such parameters as signal strength or antenna height [24][25][26][27]. Among all the works that have been published so far to develop wireless channel models for the ocean environment, we decided to discuss and comparatively analyze [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], because the implementation scenario and frequency used in each of these works are different. In addition, they considered a wide range of channel option parameters (fading margin, delay spread, etc.).…”

Section: Classification Of Over-the-sea Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are channel models that support both LoS and nLoS propagations. Channel models presented in [8], [14], and [16] are such kind of models. Channel models presented in [13] and [15] support bLoS propagation.…”

Section: Appl Sci 2019 8 X For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the existing channel models dealt with the issues and calculated fade margin for the fading caused by the Doppler effect. They are classified on the basis of the three scenarios found in the literature: (a) Both the transmitter and receiver are mobile ( [10,11,14,15,17,18,21]); (b) Both the transmitter and receiver are fixed ( [16]); and (c) The receiver is fixed but the transmitter is mobile ( [5,8,9,12,19]).…”

Section: Appl Sci 2019 8 X For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fading characteristics of the evaporation ducts are a relatively newer topic in this area and should be analyzed and studied well to find the appropriate fading margin required for reliable wireless communication. To solve this problem, Zaidi et al presented a method for calculating the complete fading margin for a wireless link over the surface of the South China Sea [14].…”

Section: Channel Fading Margin For a Wireless Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Channel Models for Over-the-Sea Communication: A Comparative Study

Habib

Moh

2019

Applied Sciences

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Over the past few years, the modeling of wireless channels for radio wave propagation over the sea surface has drawn the attention of many researchers. Channel models are designed and implemented for different frequencies and communication scenarios. There are models that emphasize the influence of the height of the evaporation duct in the marine environment, as well as models that deal with different frequencies (2.5, 5, and 10 GHz, etc.) or the impact of various parameters, such as antenna height. Despite the increasing literature on channel modeling for the over-the-sea marine environment, there is no comprehensive study that focuses on key concepts that need to be considered when developing a new channel model, characteristics of channel models, and comparative analysis of existing works along with their possible improvements and future applications. In this paper, channel models are discussed in relation to their operational principles and key features, and they are compared with each other in terms of major characteristics and pros and cons. Some important insights on the design and implementation of a channel model, possible applications and improvements, and challenging issues and research directions are also discussed. The main goal of this paper is to present a comparative study of over-the-sea channel models for radio wave propagation, so that it can help engineers and researchers in this field to choose or design the appropriate channel models based on their applications, classification, features, advantages, and limitations.

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