Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol

Cornelissen, Gerard; Jubaedah,; Nurida, Neneng Laela; Hale, Sarah E.; Martinsen, Vegard; Mulder, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.380

Cited by 171 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This suggested that addition of both dolomite and biochar may not be good and could lead to loss of functional properties of biochar in the subsequent cropping although this hypothesis remains untested. However, Cornelissen et al [30] reported that rice husk biochar addition on acidic Ultisol soil of Indonesia showed a less pronounced effect on the soil pH as the cropping season increased due to decreasing liming potential, which also agrees with our result. In addition to pH, biochar addition showed tendency to increase soil EC especially in the second cropping that could be attributed to the highly soluble minerals contained in the rice husk biochar that was readily added into the soil.…”

Section: Effect Of Biochar On Soil Physico-chemical Properties In Firsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The total monthly rainfall received in the region in 2017 were 66.5, 158.5, 161 and 224.5 mm in June, July, August and September respectively. The average daily maximum temperatures were 24.2 • C in June, 30.6 • C in July, 30.5 • C in August and 26.0 • C in September favorable for sesame growing. The region has primarily one sesame crop harvested per year.…”

Section: Experiments Sitementioning

confidence: 96%

“…There are also several reports on an increase in plant height, growth and grain quality with biochar application in crops [27][28][29], which indicate a positive effect of biochar on crops.Biochar addition to soils is expected to promote sustainable crop production through a positive effect on yield, but these may depend on the cropping seasons. For instance, Cornelissen et al [30] studied the effect of rice husk biochar and cacao shell biochar applied to Indonesia Utisol soil at rates of up to 15 t ha −1 and found that the maize yield with rice husk biochar become lower and faded in the second cropping while with cacao shell biochar was highest in the second cropping through third and fourth, but faded in the fifth cropping seasons. In addition, biochar applied to soil and tested over four cropping seasons on acidic soil in Brazil showed positive effects in the first cropping, but these faded in the following cropping [31].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

et al. 2019

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Sesame is an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. However, research has focused on biochar effects on grain crops and vegetable and there is still a scarcity of information of biochar addition on sesame. This study was to assess the effect of biochar addition on sesame performance, with a specific emphasis on growth, yield, leaf nutrient concentration, seed mineral nutrients, and soil physicochemical properties. A field experiment was conducted on an upland field converted from paddy at Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Rice husk biochar was added to sesame cropping at rates of 0 (F), 20 (F+20B), 50 (F+50B) and 100 (F+100B) t ha −1 and combined with NPK fertilization in a first cropping and a second cropping field in 2017. Biochar addition increased plant height, yield and the total number of seeds per plant more in the first cropping than in the second cropping. The F+50B significantly increased seed yield by 35.0% in the first cropping whereas the F+20B non-significantly increased seed yield by 25.1% in the second cropping. At increasing biochar rates, plant K significantly increased while decreasing Mg whereas N and crude protein, P and Ca were non-significantly higher compared to the control. Soil porosity and bulk density improved with biochar addition while pH, exchangeable K, total N, C/N ratio and CEC significantly increased with biochar, but the effect faded in the second cropping. Conversely exchangeable Mg and its plant tissue concentration decreased due to competitive ion effect of high K from the biochar. Biochar addition is effective for increasing nutrient availability especially K for sesame while improving soil physicochemical properties to increase seed yield, growth and seed mineral quality.Agronomy 2019, 9, 55 2 of 20 (13.5%), ash (5%) [2], and mineral components, such as K (815 mg/100 g), P (647 mg/100 g), Mg (579 mg/100 g) and Ca (415 mg/100 g) [3]. This contributes to its health and nutritional benefits. Therefore, demand for sesame seeds is increasing due to the increasing knowledge on their dietary and health benefits, but there has been limited research on sesame evidenced by low yield in most growing areas hence hampering its adoption and expansion in the world [4]. Although sesame has been reconsidered a local specialty crop in Japan [5], the production of sesame is still low. For instance, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2016 estimated that 11 tons of sesame seeds were produced from an area of 21 hectares [6]. With the increase in abandoned paddy fields estimated at 360,000 ha by the year 2010, farmers were encouraged to convert such fields into cultivation of upland crops, such as wheat and soybeans [7,8], including sesame. However, crop yield on upland fields converted from paddy may decrease due to declining soil fertility status of the paddy soils that could require soil amendment with organic materials [9].Biochar is a soil amendment produced from thermal decomposition of organic materials through pyrolysis and it has the potential to increase crop yields [10,11]....

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Section: Effect Of Biochar On Soil Physico-chemical Properties In Firsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Experiments Sitementioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

et al. 2019

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“…Biochar at smaller rates usually tend to have positive effects on germination. In general, biochar amendments provide a better soil environment and increase soil pH to a favorable range to promote greater germination (Cornelissen et al, 2018). Increased germination with biochar is often considered a positive predictor for biochar impact on plant growth (Solaiman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Melaleuca quinquenervia Biochar on Phaseolus vulgaris Growth, Soil Nutrients, and Microbial Gas Flux

Velez

Moonilall

Reed³

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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Biochar has been heralded for improving soil quality, sequestering C, and converting organic residues into value‐added amendments. Biochar research in agricultural settings has been primarily conducted on acidic soils, with few studies evaluating biochar effects on alkaline soils. Given the rise of small‐scale, sustainable farmers experimenting with biochar in South Florida's alkaline, carbonaceous soil, this study sought to assess biochar use in South Florida using an invasive plant species as a feedstock. Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake biomass was converted into biochar to measure how application at two rates, 2 and 5% (w/w), affects plant growth, soil macro‐ and micronutrients, and microbial gas flux (CO2) in a potted greenhouse experiment using Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plant growth was inhibited with biochar addition at the 2 and 5% rates. Dry shoot, pod weight, and pod length decreased significantly between treatments (P < 0.001). Significant reductions in plant‐available P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn were observed in the 5% biochar soil postharvest (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, addition of biochar at 2 and 5% rates significantly reduced CO2 flux during the growing season, but not at harvest (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that those considering biochar application in South Florida's alkaline soil should be cautious in selecting feedstock and temperature for biochar production. Biochar can be produced at lower temperatures to decrease pH, but the concomitant increase in volatile matter (VM) is of concern. Although CO2 flux may have decreased, the deleterious impacts of M. quinquenervia biochar (pH = 8.12, VM = 26.5%) on P. vulgaris production should not be dismissed. Core Ideas South Florida invasive Melaleuca quinquenervia was used to make biochar. Increasing rates of M. quinquenervia biochar reduced bean growth in calcareous soil. A 5% (w/w) rate of M. quinquenervia biochar reduced available nutrients in soil. Melaleuca quinquenervia biochar addition reduced soil respiration compared with the control.

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“…For acidic and highly weathered tropical soils with similar characteristics as our experimental soil, crop performance when the soil is amended with biochar is often linked with increases in SOC and pH (Cornelissen et al, ; Crane‐Droesch, Abiven, Jeffery, & Torn, ). Results from our study confirm this assertion as B 30 significantly increased SOC and pH relative to B 0 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rice straw biochar and irrigation on growth, dry matter yield and radiation‐use efficiency of maize grown on an Acrisol in Ghana

Danso

Yakubu

Arthur

et al. 2019

J Agronomy Crop Science

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In order to determine whether the current low productivity associated with rainfed cultivation on degraded soils in Ghana can be improved by biochar amendment and irrigation, field experiments with maize were conducted over two seasons in 2017 and 2018. Rice straw biochar at rates of 0 t/ha (B0), 15 t/ha (B15) and 30 t/ha (B30) was combined with irrigation regimes of full irrigation (I100), deficit irrigation (I60) and no irrigation (I0). The I100 treatment was irrigated to field capacity every 3–4 days according to time domain reflectometry measurements while the I60 treatment received 60% of the irrigation amount given to I100 but with the same irrigation frequency. The I0 treatment was not irrigated. In both seasons, the B30 treatment recorded the highest total dry matter yield (TDMY), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) and these were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than B0 except for RUE in 2017. Irrigation regimes did not significantly affect TDMY, IPAR and RUE in 2017 but compared to I100, I0 significantly reduced TDMY, IPAR and RUE in the relatively dryer 2018 season. Measured ratio vegetation indices differentiated biochar treatments earlier in the 2018 season than during 2017 and increase of leaf chlorophyll content indices with biochar rate in both seasons indicated that biochar amendment improved nitrogen uptake. Our study demonstrated that rice straw biochar is capable of increasing TDMY, IPAR and RUE of maize grown on degraded soils in Ghana. The study further showed that TDMY, IPAR and RUE of deficit irrigated maize for two seasons were similar to the counterpart fully irrigated maize and may be a viable water management option for farmers in Ghana to save irrigation water resources.

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Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol

Cited by 171 publications

References 48 publications

Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

Impact of Melaleuca quinquenervia Biochar on Phaseolus vulgaris Growth, Soil Nutrients, and Microbial Gas Flux

Effect of rice straw biochar and irrigation on growth, dry matter yield and radiation‐use efficiency of maize grown on an Acrisol in Ghana

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