Faecal carriage of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>

Stringer, M. F.; Watson, G. N.; Gilbert, R. J.; Wallace, Jeffrey I.; Hassall, Jenny; Tanner, Elizabeth I.; Webber, P. P.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400062707

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the long-stay subjects accounted for 71.4 % of the samples where C. perfringens was detected. This is in agreement with the study by Stringer et al (1985), reporting high numbers of C. perfringens in elderly hospitalized patients (Yamagishi et al, 1976;Stringer et al, 1985). It has also been reported that the carriage rate of C. perfringens is significantly higher in the elderly (Benno et al, 1989).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects

Lakshminarayanan

Harris

Coakley

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota of elderly subjects using a combination of culture-dependent techniques and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The study was performed as part of the ELDERMET project, in which 368 faecal samples were assessed for viable numbers of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae on selective agar. However, the Bifidobacterium selective medium used also supported the growth of Clostridium perfringens, which appeared as distinct colonies and were subsequently characterized phenotypically and genotypically. All the isolates were confirmed as toxin biotype A producers. In addition, three isolates tested also had the genetic determinants for the b2 toxin. Of the 368 faecal samples assessed, C. perfringens was detected in 28 samples (7.6 %). Moreover, C. perfringens was observed in samples from subjects in all the residence locations assessed but was most prevalent in subjects from long-stay residential care, with 71.4 % of the samples (63.2 % of the subjects) being from this residence location, and with a shedding level in excess of 10 6 c.f.u. (g faeces) "1. Microbiota profiling revealed some significant compositional changes across both the family and genus taxonomic levels between the C. perfringens-positive and -negative datasets. Levels of culturable Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly (P,0.05) lower in the C. perfringens-positive samples. Sequence-based methods also confirmed a significant difference in the Bifidobacterium spp. level (P,0.05) between both datasets. Taken together, these data suggest that a high viable count [.10 6 c.f.u. (g faeces)] of C. perfringens in stool samples may be indicative of a less healthy microbiota in the intestine of elderly people in long-stay residential care.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects

Lakshminarayanan

Harris

Coakley

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Stringer et al studied faecal carriage of C perfringens in younger and elderly long stay hospital patients and found similar results in five of 21 elderly patients (counts > 10 7 cfu/g). 22 However, the younger long stay patients in the same hospital had faecal counts in the range of 10 3 to 10 4 cfu/ g. These findings are in contrast to the findings reported by Samuel et al 4 None of the control group samples (n = 120) in their study, including those from healthy elderly patients, had faecal counts of C perfringens > 10 3 cfu/g. These conflicting results may be the result of the low numbers of patients recruited in the studies conducted by Yamagishi and colleagues 21 and Stringer et al 22 Therefore, it is essential to detect enterotoxin in faecal samples when attempting to confirm C perfringens as the cause of illness.…”

Section: Diagnosiscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Evidence for antibiotic induced Clostridium perfringens diarrhoea

Modi¹,

Wilcox²

2001

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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Clostridium diYcile is a well documented cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea in hospitalised patients, but may account for only approximately 20% of all cases. This leader reviews the current knowledge and understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis of non-food borne Clostridium perfringens diarrhoea. Although enterotoxigenic C perfringens has been implicated in some C diYcile negative cases of antibiotic associated diarrhoea, C perfringens enterotoxin detection methods are not part of the routine laboratory investigation of such cases. Testing for C perfringens enterotoxin in faecal samples from patients with antibiotic associated diarrhoea and sporadic diarrhoea on a routine basis would have considerable resource implications. Therefore, criteria for initiating investigations and optimum laboratory tests need to be established. In addition, establishing the true burden of C perfringens antibiotic associated diarrhoea is important before optimum control and treatment measures can be defined. (J Clin Pathol 2001;54:748-751)

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“…All cultures were analysed by serotyping [31][32][33][34]. DNA was prepared as described previously and tested for amplification of fragments of the AE-toxin and enterotoxin genes [35] and by AFLP analysis [26].…”

Section: Perfringens Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from injecting drug users during 2000

McLauchlin¹,

Salmon²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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As part of the follow-up investigations associated with an outbreak of severe illness and death among illegal injecting drug users during 2000, 43 cultures of Clostridium novyi type A, 40 C. perfringens type A and 6 isolates of Bacillus cereus were characterised by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Among the 43 C. novyi isolates, 23 different AFLP profiles were detected. The same AFLP profile was detected in isolates from 18 drug users investigated during 2000 from Scotland, England, the Republic of Ireland and Norway and a wound from a patient in 2000 who was not identified as a drug user. Unique AFLP profiles were obtained from four drug users from England and the Republic of Ireland, 10 historical isolates from culture collections, an isolate from food (1989) and three isolates from wounds (1995, 1991, 1988). The 40 C. perfringens isolates were from 13 drug users, the contents of one syringe and two samples of heroin. Sixteen AFLP types of C. perfringens were distinguished and there was little evidence for commonality among the isolates. The AFLP types of C. perfringens from heroin differed and were unique. Six isolates of B. cereus were from four drug users and two samples of heroin. Four different AFLP patterns were distinguished. Three AFLP types were isolated from four drug users. B. cereus isolates from an aspirate and a heroin sample collected from the same drug user were identical, and were also indistinguishable from an isolate from a groin infection in a second drug user. The AFLP type of the isolate from a second and unrelated heroin sample was unique. The AFLP results showed no or very limited evidence for commonality between the different isolates of B. cereus and C. perfringens. In marked contrast, the C. novyi isolates from the majority of the drug users during 2000 were homogeneous, suggesting a common source or clonal selection of a C. novyi type, or both, which either had an adaptive advantage in spore germination, survival or growth following the drug preparation and the injection procedure, or produced a more severe clinical presentation.

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Faecal carriage ofClostridium perfringens

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects

Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects

Evidence for antibiotic induced Clostridium perfringens diarrhoea

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from injecting drug users during 2000

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