Fæcal Carriage of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Hospital Patients

Two clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one a pyocin type 5 strain from Atlanta, could transfer gentamicin resistance by conjugation. Donor and recipient strains inactivated gentamicin by acetylation. The R plasmids, pMG1 and pMG2, also determined resistance to sisomicin, another substrate of gentamicin acetyltransferase I, sulfonamides, and streptomycin, but not resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, butirosin, or BB-K 8. They were transmissible to many strains of P. aeruginosa, including a Rec-strain, but not to Escherichia coli or other enterobacteriaceae. These R plasmids were compatible with R plasmids transmissible to P. aeruginosa from E. coli, including members of C, N, P, and W incompatibility groups. From a strain carrying pMG1 and a compatible plasmid, pMG1 was transferred independently but transfer of the second plasmid often resulted in cotransfer of pMG1. In contrast, pMG1 and pMG2 were incompatible with pseudomonas R plasmids R931 and R3108, and with R931 they readily formed recombinant plasmids. The four plasmids in this incompatibility group determine additional biological properties, including resistance to inorganic and organic mercury compounds, to ultraviolet light, and to certain deoxyribonucleic acid phages. pMG1 and pMG2 also phenotypically inhibited pyocin production. Consequently such R plasmids alter the phage and pyocin types of their host strains.

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“…Farmer III (19). Host strains for propagating typing phage came from M. T. Parker and E. A. Asheshov (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of R Plasmids Determining Gentamicin Resistance by Acetylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Jacoby

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

125

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“…aeruginosa. Most authors have not been able to demonstrate a high faecal carriage rate for this species, though Shooter et al (1966) reported a carrier rate of 24 % in patients admitted to a surgical ward. They noted that isolation was particularly frequent in patients with colostomies, and also that the organism was more commonly found in patients who had previously been exposed to various influences inherent in the hospital environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Control of cross-infection in an intensive care unit

Harris¹,

Orwin²,

Colquhoun³

et al. 1969

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYIn a survey undertaken in an intensive care unit, coliform bacilli were found to be responsible for most infections,Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Staphylococcus aureus being isolated much less frequently. Tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation predisposed to infection, but in our experience intermittent positive pressure ventilation did not significantly affect its incidence. Little cross-infection has occurred, and it has never been possible to incriminate the ventilators in its transmission.We gratefully acknowledge the assistance we have received from colleagues in the Intensive Therapy Unit and the Department of Bacteriology during the course of this investigation.

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“…while some patients are self-infected from their own gastro intestinal microflora (21). A gastrointestinal reservoir was fe lt to be important in one prospective study in which transfer of P aeruginosa between surgical patients in a hospital ward was demonstrated (22) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Studies of Nosocomial Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a DNA Probe

Volpel

et al. 1991

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Pseudomonas a eruginosa using a DNA probe . Can J Infect Dis 1992;3(6) :299-306 . A DNA probe encod ing the Pseudomonas aerug inosa pili n gene has been developed in the a uth ors · la bora to ry a nd has been shown to be a usefu l epidemiological tool. In th e p resen t s tudy this tec hnology. toge ther wi Lh other typ ing met hods. has been used to cle nnc re la ted ness a n d po si blc tra ns m ission routes of P aerug inosa strains isolated in severa l hospita l wa rds. Clu s te rs o f P aerug inosa infec! ions . s u s pected to be the result of no. ocom ia l tra ns m ission . cl cvclopccl in a ge ne ra l inte ns ive ca re un it (I CU) a nd a neu rosu rgica l wa rci / ICU. as we ll as in a b urn uni t. were tu d iccl us ing a ntibiogra m s . li popolysacc ha ri cl c-s crotypin g. a nd ge ne p robe ana lysis. Res ults of these tucli cs d em onstra ted tha t eac h of the ge ne ra l a nd ne urosu rgical ICU isola tes were diffe rent. m a king nosocomi a l tra ns m ission ve ry un likely . Howeve r . wiU1in the burn uni t. pa ti ent isolates had iden tical p rofil es. s uggesting tha t spread be tween pati e n ts was occurring or tha t a com mon source of infection was p resent. Changes in infecti on cont ro l measures wi thin the un it were introd u ced and may have con tri b u ted to e ra dication of the ou tb reak DNA probe stu d ies we re \·a lu able in cla rifyi ng cpiclemiological related ness of isolates that was not evide nt wilh the other typ ing s tra tegies a nd idc nlined a po s iblc bum -associated stra in . Etudes epidemiologiques sur les infections nosocomiales a Pseudomonas aeruginosa a !'aide d'une sonde d 'ADN RESUME: Une sonde d"ADN po ur l' cncocl a(jc du ge ne de Pseudomonas aerug inosa a etc m ise a u point cl a ns cc Jaboraloire et s·csl revclee un ou ti l cpicl cm iologiq uc u ti le. Dans Ia prcsen tc e lude . cctle technologic. de memc que cl'autres methodes de lypage. ont etc uti lisces po u r clc nni r lcs inte rre la ti ons e t lcs voics de transm ission possibles de souc hes de P. aerug inosa isolees cla ns d iffc rcntes u n ites hospita lieres. Des infec ti ons a P. aerug inosa. presumem c n t a ttri b uables a u nc trans mission nosocomi a le, om de observees da ns unc u nite de soins intc ns ifs gene raux. clans u nc un ite de soins imcnsifs ne uroch irurgicaux et dans unc unite de brt:ll es. ou ell cs on t etc etuclices a !'a ide cl'a n libiogrammcs. de mCLhocles de typage serologiqu e pa r li popolysacc ha ri des ct cl'a na lyscs par sonde gc nc ti q u c. Lcs rcs ul tats d e ces e tudes on t dcm ontrc que chacu n des isolats p relevc d a ns les uni tes de soin s inle ns ifs ge nc ra u x ctncu ro-chirurgica u x Clail d iiTere n t. ce q ui a perm is d'cca rte r !' hypot hese de Ia tra ns miss ion nosocom ia lc. Ce pe nda nl. a u sein d e !' u nite des brt:ll es. les isolats etaient scmblab les cl'un pa ti ent a !'a u tre . cc qui do nne a pen se r qLd l y a cu conta m ina tion entre lcs pati en ts ou qu'i l y a c u u nc so urce commune a !'i nfecti o n . Des mod ifi cation s a u ...

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Fæcal Carriage of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Hospital Patients

Cited by 116 publications

References 9 publications

Properties of R Plasmids Determining Gentamicin Resistance by Acetylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Properties of R Plasmids Determining Gentamicin Resistance by Acetylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Control of cross-infection in an intensive care unit

Epidemiological Studies of Nosocomial Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a DNA Probe

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