Faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci community in the underground water in an equatorial area in Cameroon (Central Africa): the importance of some environmental chemical factors

Nola, Moı̈se; Njiné, Thomas; Djuikom, Euphrasie; Foko, Victorine Sikati

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00024-6

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Underground water is an aquatic biotope that harbours different types of micro-organisms [6]. The evolution and composition of the bacterial micro-flora depends on several factors such as the bacteria and solid particles mobility, the hydrodynamics and the hydrochemistry of the groundwater among others [10,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution and composition of the bacterial micro-flora depends on several factors such as the bacteria and solid particles mobility, the hydrodynamics and the hydrochemistry of the groundwater among others [10,30]. Groundwater constitutes one of the main sources of drinking water supply in most African cities [6]. The bacteriological quality of drinking water is responsible in the short-term for the immediate health risks on consumers and is therefore the most estimated property [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater constitutes one of the main sources of drinking water supply in rural communities in most African countries [6]. These water sources are usually unprotected and this increases the opportunities for contamination with microbes of faecal origin such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species and Salmonella species [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against Streptococcus Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Ateba¹,

Morare²,

Ebenso³

2014

JFNR

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In developing countries, access to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation continue to be a danger to human health and untreated groundwater constitutes one of the main sources of drinking water supply. The consumption of untreated contaminated groundwater has frequently been identified as a potential source for the transfer and spread of both antibiotic resistant bacteria strains and waterborne infections among humans. Antibiotics are used for the treatment of bacterial infections and therefore the emergence of drug resistant bacterial strains has huge clinical implications. Faced with the rapid growth of bacterial resistance to a number of commonly used antibiotics, ionic liquids are attracting increasing attention as agents that could serve as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine the antimicrobial activity of an ionic liquid and selected antibiotics against Streptococcus species isolated from groundwater samples. A total of 22 samples were collected from borehole taps in some villages in the Northwest Province and analysed for the presence of streptococci. Gramstaining, catalase test, oxidase test and Prolex Streptococcal Grouping Latex assays were used for bacteria identification. The growth inhibitory effect of the ionic liquid 1,3 dihydroxy-2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and selected antibiotics was determined. One hundred and seventy six presumptive isolates were obtained and screened for characters of streptococci and 165 isolates were obtained. All the isolates were Gram positive cocci; a large proportion (92.7%) was oxidase negative and only 51.5% were catalase negative. Based on serotyping, 86.7% of the isolates were positively identified as streptococci. All the isolates from Motlhabeng, Stella and Taung were resistant to penicillin G. Moreover, large proportions (75.0% to 95.8%) of these isolates were resistant to vancomycin. All the isolates except a large proportion of those from Stella (88%) and Taung (83%) were found to be more susceptible (22.5% to 50%) to chloramphenicol. Generally, the growth inhibition zone diameter for 1,3 dihydroxy-2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide against the isolates ranged from 6 to 9 mm and 9 to 22mm for 1% and 10% solutions respectively. In conclusion multi-drug resistant streptococci were isolated from groundwater intended for human consumption. Isolates were however susceptible to the IL tested and the antimicrobial effect increased with increase in concentration of the IL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against Streptococcus Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Ateba¹,

Morare²,

Ebenso³

2014

JFNR

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“…However, the influence of intrinsic abiotic factors on water is still not clearly elucidated in this method of disinfection. Abiotic factors such as pH, electrical conductivity, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide affect the growth of microorganisms in water (Mezrioum and Baleux, 1992;Nola et al, 2002;Nougang et al, 2011). Besides, the effectiveness of water treatment procedures depends largely on pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of Artemisia annua leave extract infusion pH under dark conditions on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli

Mobili¹,

Nola²,

Nougang³

et al. 2013

J. App. Bioscience.

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Objectives:The influence of abiotic factors of water which may affect Artemesia annua (A. annua) efficiency as a disinfectant is not clearly elucidated. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of various water pH values of the infusion of A. annua leaves extract on some bacteria of hygiene and sanitary evaluation. Methodology and Results: A. annua leaves were collected in Bangante (West region, Cameroon) and bacteria were isolated from the surface water (lotic hydrosystems) in Yaoundé (Cameroon, Central Africa). The bacteria used were S. paratyphi, S. aureus and E. coli. Experiments were carried out in aquatic microcosms under dark conditions. The pH values considered were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. These values were adjusted using diluted HCl and NaOH. The results showed the temporal changes of cell abundance from one bacteria species to another with respect to the pH value in one hand, and also with respect to the number of cell species in solution on the other hand. In monospecific culture condition, the extract of A. annua seemed to appear as a source of carbon and energy for bacteria growth. In mixed cultures the influence of pH in the presence of the extract of A. annua in the dark seemed to foster trophic relations among bacteria in some cases and stimulate the production of inhibitory substances in other cases. Conclusions and application of findings: Molecules contained in the extract of A. annua were potentially implicated in the physical and chemical changes of the medium, enabling the cell growth observed. A. annua extract did not have a significant bacterial inhibitory property in the water in the darkness. Although A. annua extract is often used as antibacterial component, it should not be used in the bacteriological treatment of drinking water under dark condition whether the water pH is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

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“…In the equatorial region of Central Africa it has been indicated that groundwater harbours stygobiontic fauna of various taxa (Zébazé Togouet et al, 2009). The isolated bacteria species include commensal species, and pathogenic as well as opportunistic species; their distribution undergoes fluctuations in space and time, and is sometimes influenced by physicochemical and meteorological factors (Nola et al, 2001(Nola et al, , 2002. However, it is unclear whether the temporal variation in their abundance results from dilution by infiltrated water or, augmentation of bacteriological pollutants, or if it is related to death or cell growth in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of in-situ abundance dynamics of enterobacteria and total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in groundwater in the equatorial region of Central Africa

Nola¹,

Eheth²,

Nougang³

et al. 2012

WSA

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The main purpose of this investigation was to assess, in situ, the hourly abundance dynamics of enterobacteria and total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (THAB), over a daily period, in 3 wells in Yaounde region, Cameroon. Sampling was done weekly, for 4 months. Water samples were collected in sterile glass bottles and incubated in situ for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h and 12 h. Isolation and enumeration of enterobacteria and THAB were performed on MacConkey agar (Bio-Rad) and standard agar (Bio-Rad) media, respectively, using the plate count method. Using a linear regression model, ln(number of CFUs) was plotted against time. The slope of each regression line was considered as the apparent increase or decrease in cell number. Concentrations of THAB and enterobacteria varied from 9.90 to 14.19 and 4.09 to 9.59 ln units•mℓ, respectively, in W1, from 9.90 to 14.25 and 3.00 to 5.39 ln units•mℓ -1 in W2, and from 9.90 to 14.00 and 6.55 to 11.51 ln units•mℓ -1 in W3. For the first 6-hour incubation period at all of the sampling points, the cell apparent growth rate (CAGR) varied from 0.023 to 0.262 h for THAB and from 0.015 to 0.604 h -1 for enterobacteria. In the second 6-h incubation period, the CAGR varied from 0.010 to 0.822 h -1 for THAB and from 0.015 to 0.771 h -1 for enterobacteria; the CAIR varied from 0.015 to 0.260 h -1 for THAB and from 0.007 to 0.338 h -1 for enterobacteria. The values of physico-chemical parameters recorded before incubation displayed temporal and spatial variation over the sampling period. Bacterial abundance dynamics in some cases was significantly correlated to some of these abiotic factors. The abundance of the microorganisms decreased initially but later increased.

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Faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci community in the underground water in an equatorial area in Cameroon (Central Africa): the importance of some environmental chemical factors

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against <i>Streptococcus</i> Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against <i>Streptococcus</i> Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Assessment of the effect of <i>Artemisia annua</i> leave extract infusion pH under dark conditions on <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Assessment of <i>in-situ</i> abundance dynamics of enterobacteria and total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in groundwater in the equatorial region of Central Africa

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