Faecal contamination of groundwater self-supply in low- and middle income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Genter, Franziska; Willetts, Juliet; Foster, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117350

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fecal contamination was detected in 66% of self-supply sources across the two study sites. Previous studies in other contexts have typically found lower frequency of fecal contamination for self-supply sources (Genter et al, 2021). A pooled estimate from 30 studies in LMICs found fecal indicator bacteria were reported in 36% of self-supply sources, including 28% of samples from boreholes, 81% of samples from unprotected wells, and 77% of samples from protected wells (Genter et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial Contamination of Groundwater Self‐Supply in Urban Indonesia: Assessment of Sanitary and Socio‐Economic Risk Factors

Genter

Putri

Willetts

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many countries are facing challenges in extending water services to poor and vulnerable communities that are most at risk of being left behind (WHO & UNICEF, 2021). The world is not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 6.1, which calls for universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 (WHO & UNICEF, 2021). To meet the criteria of a safely managed drinking water service, households must use an improved water source that is accessible on-premises, available in sufficient quantities when needed and free from fecal and chemical contamination (WHO & UNICEF, 2017). An improved water facility includes sources that are protected from outside contamination by nature of their construction, such as boreholes, protected dug wells, or rainwater harvesting (WHO & UNICEF, 2017). In 2020, two billion people still lacked access to a safely managed water service (WHO & UNICEF, 2021

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial Contamination of Groundwater Self‐Supply in Urban Indonesia: Assessment of Sanitary and Socio‐Economic Risk Factors

Genter

Putri

Willetts

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of note, there are many studies on the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of coliforms and fecal coliforms in water and some dairy foods [6,17], but there are few reports on the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of this group in unpasteurized dairy products. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the hygienic status of raw milk cheese in Egypt, which could contribute to the development of public health protection monitoring and control activities for dairy industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loads of Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms and Characterization of Thermotolerant Escherichia coli in Fresh Raw Milk Cheese

Hammad

El-Tahan

Hassan

et al. 2022

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic status of raw milk cheese and determine the trends of virulence and antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Escherichia coli. Two hundred samples of karish, a popular Egyptian fresh raw milk cheese, were analyzed for coliforms and fecal coliforms using a standard most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 85% of samples were unsuitable for consumption, as they exceeded Egyptian standards for coliforms (10 MPN/g), and 65% of samples exhibited coliforms at 44.5 °C. Of 150 recovered thermotolerant strains, 140 (93.3%) were identified as E. coli. Importantly, one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strain carrying a striking virulence pattern, stx1−, stx2+, eae−, was detected. Eleven strains (7.8%, 11/140) showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic resistance genes included blaSHV, blaCTX-M, qnrS, tet(A), and tet(B), which were present in 4.3%, 2.8%, 0.71%, 2.1%, and 0.71% of isolates, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that hygienic-sanitary failures occurred throughout the production process of most retail karish cheese. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need for adopting third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in raw milk cheese to identify the potential public health burden associated with its consumption.

show abstract

“…The systematic review and meta-analysis performed by Genter et al (2021) showed that groundwater is vulnerable due to fecal contamination in low-and middle-income countries, where 36% of the monitored samples were contaminated by E. coli. Such results showed that self-supply shallow groundwater was more vulnerable to fecal contamination, mainly in low-income countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a recent urbanization event on coastal groundwater in the southeastern coast of Brazil: a case study of the Macaé municipality

Silva

Silva-Filho

Leite

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coastal groundwater is extremely vulnerable to land-based human activities and seawater intrusion. In Brazil, a developing country, several coastal cities are undergoing recent urbanization with no planning, giving rise to problems such as groundwater overexploitation, sanitation, and chemical contamination. This study provides seasonal and spatial groundwater chemical and microbiological characterization of a recently urbanized coastal region, discussing contamination and salinization. The recent urbanization event affected both shallow and deep wells represented by the extensive presence of Escherichia coli on groundwater and nitrate, ammonium, arsenic, and lead (NO3-, NH4+, As and Pb) levels above groundwater safety guidelines. In contrast, iron and manganese (Fe and Mn) concentrations above the safety limit were associated with lithological enrichment, but might also restrict groundwater consumption. In addition to chemical and microbiological contamination, salinization of coastal aquifers did not pose a threat in this shoreline, but brackish groundwater was found in one well influenced by a coastal lagoon sandbar opening that allowed seawater to enter the aquifer.

show abstract

Faecal contamination of groundwater self-supply in low- and middle income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Microbial Contamination of Groundwater Self‐Supply in Urban Indonesia: Assessment of Sanitary and Socio‐Economic Risk Factors

Microbial Contamination of Groundwater Self‐Supply in Urban Indonesia: Assessment of Sanitary and Socio‐Economic Risk Factors

Loads of Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms and Characterization of Thermotolerant Escherichia coli in Fresh Raw Milk Cheese

Effects of a recent urbanization event on coastal groundwater in the southeastern coast of Brazil: a case study of the Macaé municipality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About