Faecal excretion of intestinal spirochaetes by urban dogs, and their pathogenicity in a chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis

Prapasarakul, Nuvee; Lugsomya, Kittitat; Disatian, Sirilak; Lekdumrongsak, Thawat; Banlunara, Wijit; Chetanachan, Prugsawon; Hampson, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.015

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In previous studies, B. pilosicoli [ 26 ] and Brachyspira spp [ 19 , 27 ]. were more frequently detected in dogs that were younger than 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel

Gothe,

Pfetzing,

Ulrich

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background Brachyspira (B.) pilosicoli is a zoonotic pathogen, able to infect different animal species such as pigs, poultry, and rodents, causing intestinal spirochetosis. An association of gastrointestinal clinical signs, such as diarrhea, with the isolation of B. pilosicoli from fecal samples or rectal swabs has not been proven in dogs. Other Brachyspira species commonly isolated from dogs, such as “B. canis” and “B. pulli”, are considered commensals. This study investigated the occurrence of different Brachyspira species in rectal swabs and fecal samples in an independent canine cohort in central Germany. These included samples from shelter dogs, hunting dogs, and dogs presenting at regional small animal practices with various clinical signs. Data about the dogs, including potential risk factors for Brachyspira isolation, were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. The study also longitudinally investigated a colony of Beagle dogs for Brachyspira over 5 years. Results The rate of Brachyspira spp. isolation was 11% and included different Brachyspira species (“B. canis”, “B. pulli”, and B. pilosicoli). “B. canis” was detected in 18 dogs, whereas B. pilosicoli was only isolated from 1 dog in the independent cohort (not including the Beagle colony). Risk factors for shedding Brachyspira and “B. canis” were being less than 1 year of age and shelter origin. Gastrointestinal signs were not associated with the shedding of Brachyspira. B. pilosicoli and “B. canis” were isolated from several dogs of the same Beagle colony in 2017 and again in 2022, while Brachyspira was not isolated at multiple sampling time points in 2021. Conclusions Shedding of B. pilosicoli in dogs appears to be uncommon in central Germany, suggesting a low risk of zoonotic transmission from dogs. Commensal status of “B. canis” and “B. pulli” is supported by the results of this study. Findings from the longitudinal investigation of the Beagle colony agree with an asymptomatic long-term colonization of dogs with “B. canis” and B. pilosicoli and suggest that introducing new animals in a pack can trigger an increased shedding of B. pilosicoli.

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“…In previous studies, B. pilosicoli [ 26 ] and Brachyspira spp [ 19 , 27 ]. were more frequently detected in dogs that were younger than 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel

Gothe,

Pfetzing,

Ulrich

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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“…Young meat-producing chickens (broilers) are susceptible to experimental infection with Brachyspira species, including B. pilosicoli (58)(59)(60)(61)(62), but under farm conditions they rarely suffer from AIS because they are slaughtered at around 6 weeks of age, before they are likely to have had significant exposure to Brachyspira species. On the other hand, AIS caused by infection with B. pilosicoli (and other Brachyspira species) commonly occurs in adult chickens laying table eggs and in breeding hens producing meat chickens (broiler breeders) (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70).…”

Section: Disease In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies using newly hatched broiler chicks that were experimentally infected with isolates of B. pilosicoli recovered from humans, pigs, and/or dogs, either clinical signs were not observed (58) or the chicks developed watery diarrhea (59)(60)(61)(62), sometimes with a depressed growth rate (59). Gross cecal lesions were not seen, but there were variable histological changes, including the characteristic occurrence of a dense mat of spirochetes attached to cecal enterocytes by one cell end (59-61), sometimes with a diffuse thickening of the cecal epithelial brush border (60).…”

Section: Experimental Infection Of Animals With Strains Of B Pilosicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Hampson

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.

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“…B. pilosicoli is a bacterium of the order Spirochaetales, morphologically characterised by a corkscrew-like shape ( 35 ) ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Overview Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyspira pilosicoli-induced avian intestinal spirochaetosis

Roy

Mappley

Ragione

et al. 2015

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is a common disease occurring in poultry that can be caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli, a Gram-negative bacterium of the order Spirochaetes. During AIS, this opportunistic pathogen colonises the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry (principally, the ileum, caeca, and colon), which can cause symptoms such as diarrhoea, reduced growth rate, and reduced egg production and quality. Due to the large increase of bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment, the European Union banned in 2006 the prophylactic use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock. Consequently, the number of outbreaks of AIS has dramatically increased in the UK resulting in significant economic losses. This review summarises the current knowledge about AIS infection caused by B. pilosicoli and discusses various treatments and prevention strategies to control AIS.

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Faecal excretion of intestinal spirochaetes by urban dogs, and their pathogenicity in a chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel

Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Brachyspira pilosicoli-induced avian intestinal spirochaetosis

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