Faecal microbiota in two-week-old female dairy calves during acute cryptosporidiosis outbreak – Association with systemic inflammatory response

Dorbek-Kolin, Elisabeth; Husso, Aleksi; Niku, Mikael; Loch, Marina; Pessa‐Morikawa, Tiina; Niine, Tarmo; Kaart, Tanel; Iivanainen, Antti; Orro, Toomas

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.008

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…C. parvum is one of the main agents causing diarrhea in calves; however, little is known regarding the effects of this protozoal organism on the gastrointestinal microbiota [ 58 ]. Infection with C. parvum in calves results in a reduction in the microbial diversity, and this reduction is proportional to the amount of oocytes detected in the feces [ 59 ]. Furthermore, an increase in the fecal abundance of Fusobacterium is reported in diarrheic calves infected with C. parvum compared to uninfected calves or calves with BRoV diarrhea [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with C. parvum in calves results in a reduction in the microbial diversity, and this reduction is proportional to the amount of oocytes detected in the feces [ 59 ]. Furthermore, an increase in the fecal abundance of Fusobacterium is reported in diarrheic calves infected with C. parvum compared to uninfected calves or calves with BRoV diarrhea [ 58 , 59 ]. A high abundance of C. parvum and Fusobacterium is associated with the severity of diarrhea in calves with both microorganisms [ 59 ].…”

Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an increase in the fecal abundance of Fusobacterium is reported in diarrheic calves infected with C. parvum compared to uninfected calves or calves with BRoV diarrhea [ 58 , 59 ]. A high abundance of C. parvum and Fusobacterium is associated with the severity of diarrhea in calves with both microorganisms [ 59 ]. These results suggest that the proliferation of Fusobacterium could play an important role in the pathophysiology of diarrhea due to C. parvum in calves.…”

Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has been proposed as a method to treat dysbiosis by restoring microbial diversity and altering the disturbed intestinal microbiota in many digestive disorders, such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative colitis in both calves and human neonates [ 9 , 59 ]. Prebiotics contain non-digestible nutrients that promote the growth of beneficial microbiota and aid in protecting the gut from potentially harmful pathogens [ 60 ].…”

Section: Alternative Approaches To Restore the Gastrointestinal Micro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Neonatal calf diarrhea is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The changes associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota in neonatal calves experiencing diarrhea and its etiology are not fully understood or completely defined in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated that the fecal microbiota of calves that experience diarrhea substantially deviates from that of healthy age-matched calves. However, one key question remains: whether the changes observed in the bacterial communities (also known as dysbiosis) are a predisposing factor for, or the consequence of, gastrointestinal inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. The first objective of this literature review is to present the current information regarding the changes in the fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves and the impact of the pathogens associated with diarrhea on fecal microbiota. Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota using pre- and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases in humans and dogs. Although information regarding the use of probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea is available in cattle, little information is available regarding the use of these strategies for treating calf diarrhea and the use of prebiotics or FMT to prevent diarrhea. The second objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT for the treatment and prevention of calf diarrhea.

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Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota Changes In Calves Infected With Specific Etiologi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Approaches To Restore the Gastrointestinal Micro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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“…[17]. Other studies have demonstrated that the faecal microbiomes of calves with cryptosporidiosis have a signi cantly higher abundance of Fusobacterium compared to healthy calves [13,23]. Whilst these studies focus on the microbiome during C. parvum infection, there is little research on the diversity and composition of the microbiome prior to and post-infection leaving a gap in our knowledge of whether a particular microbiome may be predictive of cryptosporidiosis or whether C. parvum infection causes long-term gut dysbiosis if calves overcome infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of the faecal microbiome in preweaning dairy calves that develop cryptosporidiosis

Hares,

Griffiths,

Barningham

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease that commonly affects calves under 6-weeks-old. The causative agent, Cryptosporidium parvum, has been associated with the abundance of specific taxa in the faecal microbiome during active infection. However, the long-term impact of these microbiome shifts, and potential effects on calf growth and health have not yet been explored. Methods 346 calves from three dairy farms had one faecal swab collected during the first week of life (W1). Thereafter, sampled calves were monitored for diarrhoeal disease and those that suffered a diarrhoea event were tested for C. parvumby lateral flow test (LFT). Calves that experienced diarrhoea and tested positive for C. parvum by LFT were assigned to the Cryptosporidium-positive (Cp+) group (n=32). Matched healthy (H) controls with no history of diarrhoea were selected from the remaining cohort (n=33). The selected subset of calves (n=65) were observed until weaning, collecting a faecal swab, at approximately Week 5 (W5) and Week 10 (W10) after birth, resulting in a total of 191 samples (W1; n=65, W5; n=64, W10; n=62). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on all extracted samples. Results Analysis of the longitudinal microbiome showed significant changes in the microbial diversity and composition across all three time points. Whilst Firmicuteswere elevated in the Cp+ group at W5 compared to the H group, no other significant differences were detected between H and Cp+ groups. Whilst the core microbiota showed some taxa were exclusive to each group, the role of these taxa in health and disease has yet to be determined. Antibiotics were also found to have an impact on the relative abundance of some taxa. Though there was a difference in daily live weight gain between H and Cp+ groups, it did not reach significance at either W5 and W10, suggesting that Cp+ calves can catch up to their healthy counterparts once the infection has resolved. Conclusions The findings of this study illustrate the changes in the microbial diversity and composition during the preweaning period in dairy calves. The results also indicate that the faecal microbiome is not predictive of cryptosporidiosis and imply that cryptosporidiosis doesn’t cause long-term gut dysbiosis. This study furthers our understanding of the parasite-microbiome relationship and its impact on the bovine host.

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Cryptosporidiosis in Calves

Álvarez-García,

Pastor-Fernández,

Ortega-Mora

2024

Encyclopedia of Livestock Medicine for Large Animal and Poultry Production

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Faecal microbiota in two-week-old female dairy calves during acute cryptosporidiosis outbreak – Association with systemic inflammatory response

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Progression of the faecal microbiome in preweaning dairy calves that develop cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis in Calves

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