FAFNIR: Strategy and risk reduction in accelerator driven neutron sources for fusion materials irradiation data

Surrey, E.; Porton, M.; Fernández-Caballero, Antonio; Davenne, T.; Findlay, D.J.S.; Letchford, Alan; Thomason, J. W. G.; Marrow, James; Roberts, Steve; Seryi, Andrei; Connolly, Brian J.; Mummery, Paul; Owen, Hywel

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.03.042

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Each material has advantages and requires specific technologies to form a robust target. Graphite has a high operating temperature and is implemented as a rotating target, using IR radiation for cooling [19,20,21]. Beryllium can be used as a static target with or without beam rasterring [22,23,24], or in a rotating configuration [25].…”

Section: Windowless Jet Liquid Lithium Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

Mardor¹,

Aviv²,

Avrigeanu³

et al. 2018

Eur. Phys. J. A

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The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) is under construction in the Soreq Nuclear Research Center at Yavne, Israel. When completed at the beginning of the next decade, SARAF will be a user facility for basic and applied nuclear physics, based on a 40 MeV, 5 mA CW proton/deuteron superconducting linear accelerator. Phase I of SARAF (SARAF-I, 4 MeV, 2mA CW protons, 5 MeV 1mA CW deuterons) is already in operation, generating scientific results in several fields of interest. The main ongoing program at SARAF-I is the production of 30 keV neutrons and measurement of Maxwellian Averaged Cross Sections (MACS), important for the astrophysical s-process. The world leading Maxwellian epithermal neutron yield at SARAF-I (5×10 10 epithermal neutrons/sec), generated by a novel Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT), enables improved precision of known MACSs, and new measurements of lowabundance and radioactive isotopes. Research plans for SARAF-II span several disciplines: Precision studies of beyond-Standard-Model effects by trapping light exotic radioisotopes, such as 6 He, 8 Li and 18,19,23 Ne, in unprecedented amounts (including meaningful studies already at SARAF-I); extended nuclear astrophysics research with higher energy neutrons, including generation and studies of exotic neutron-rich isotopes relevant to the rapid (r-) process; nuclear structure of exotic isotopes; high energy neutron cross sections for basic nuclear physics and material science research, including neutron induced radiation damage; neutron based imaging and therapy; and novel radiopharmaceuticals development and production.

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Section: Windowless Jet Liquid Lithium Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans

Mardor¹,

Aviv²,

Avrigeanu³

et al. 2018

Eur. Phys. J. A

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“…It also needs to have a Li loop that forms a Li screen with a stable surface in the deuteron footprint; radiation resistant equipment housing reliable specimens at a uniform temperature in a limited volume under a pre-set, tightly controlled temperature, and remote handling (RH) equipment suited to an annual replacement of the hardware exposed to the neutron flux (including the backplate wall channelling the liquid Li). The technological difficulties were found to be insurmountable in the 1980s [15]; the need for a fusion-relevant neutron source led to the iterated organization of international committees to explore alternative ideas [16][17][18]. Beyond the exoticism of some of these, all new ideas presented serious technical flaws, and the international consensus on the suitability of the Li(d, xn) source was systematically achieved.…”

Section: The Ifmif/engineering Validation and Engineering Design Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the IFMIF/EVEDA project

Knaster¹,

Garin

Matsumoto

et al. 2017

Nucl. Fusion

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IFMIF, the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility, is presently in its engineering validation and engineering design activities (EVEDA) phase under the Broader Approach Agreement. The engineering design activity (EDA) phase was successfully accomplished within the allocated time. The engineering validation activity (EVA) phase has focused on validating the Accelerator Facility (AF), the Target Facility and the Test Facility (TF) by constructing prototypes. The ELTL at JAEA, Oarai successfully demonstrated the long-term stability of a Li flow under the IFMIF’s nominal operational conditions keeping the specified free-surface fluctuations below ±1 mm in a continuous manner for 25 d. A full-scale prototype of the high flux test module (HFTM) was successfully tested in the HELOKA loop (KIT, Karlsruhe), where it was demonstrated that the irradiation temperature can be set individually and kept uniform. LIPAc, designed and constructed in European labs under the coordination of F4E, presently under installation and commissioning in the Rokkasho Fusion Institute, aims at validating the concept of IFMIF accelerators with a D+ beam of 125 mA continuous wave (CW) and 9 MeV. The commissioning phases of the H+/D+ beams at 100 keV are progressing and should be concluded in 2017; in turn, the commissioning of the 5 MeV beam is due to start during 2017. The D+ beam through the superconducting cavities is expected to be achieved within the Broader Approach Agreement time frame with the superconducting cryomodule being assembled in Rokkasho. The realisation of a fusion-relevant neutron source is a necessary step for the successful development of fusion. The ongoing success of the IFMIF/EVEDA involves ruling out concerns about potential technical showstoppers which were raised in the past. Thus, a situation has emerged where soon steps towards constructing a Li(d,xn) fusion-relevant neutron source could be taken, which is also justified in the light of costs which are marginal to those of a fusion plant.

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“…The production of neutrons by using the interaction of D with other light ions in solid targets is utilised in FAFNIR (Surrey, 2014) in which a C target is used. Its performance is limited by the power handling capability of the target.…”

Section: Fusion-like Neutron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%