Fagaceae

Soepadmo, E.; Sang, Julia; Go, Rusea

doi:10.26525/tfss3001

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, despite their biogeographic parallels, we note that Castanopsis and Nothofagus are distant relatives within Fagales (82,90). Adding further complexity, indisputably Laurasian Fagaceae, such as Quercus (14), also inhabit Malesia (but not New Guinea) (2). Thus, we propose that the classical idea of the region's montane rainforests as a meeting ground of Laurasian and Gondwanan lineages (55, 57) now applies within Fagaceae s.s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The immature fruits preserve the distinctive lobed perianth of Fagaceae and three linear styles with unexpanded stigmas, as seen only in the castaneoids Castanopsis and Lithocarpus among extant Fagaceae; however, the low insertion angle of most fruits to the axis is more typical of Castanopsis (2,58,59,61,63,66). The spikelike, unbranched infructescence with laterally inserted fruits is also distinctive for Castanopsis and other Castaneoideae, although the total number of fruits per infructescence (as seen in the paratype) (Fig.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Here, we report two infructescences and abundant "Tetracera" leaves as the first reliable evidence of Fagaceae from Gondwana or the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. We refer the infructescences to Castanopsis, which today has ~120 species from the Himalaya to New Guinea and Japan (2,58,59), and the leaves to a fagaceous organ genus. These fossils reveal a new southern component of Fagaceae biogeography and substantially increase the known Gondwanan legacy in Asian tropical rainforests.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Wilf

Nixon

Gandolfo

et al. 2019

Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The beech-oak family Fagaceae dominates forests from the northern temperate zone to tropical Asia and Malesia, where it reaches its southern limit. We report early Eocene infructescences of Castanopsis, a diverse and abundant fagaceous genus of Southeast Asia, and co-occurring leaves from the 52-million-year-old Laguna del Hunco flora of southern Argentina. The fossil assemblage notably includes many plant taxa that associate with Castanopsis today. The discovery reveals novel Gondwanan history in Fagaceae and the characteristic tree communities of Southeast Asian lower-montane rainforests. The living diaspora associations persisted through Cenozoic climate change and plate movements as the constituent lineages tracked post-Gondwanan mesic biomes over thousands of kilometers, underscoring their current vulnerability to rapid climate change and habitat loss.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Wilf

Nixon

Gandolfo

et al. 2019

Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extinction risk for the lowland species is thought to be particularly high because survival following extirpation in the low altitudes requires both successful dispersal and persistence in the face of high competition from populations already occupying upland areas. Somewhat in contrast, the future potential range for Castanopsis shows expansion and suggests that suitable climates will persist under the future climate projections, probably reflecting that it is a large, widespread genus, with many species occupying very diverse habitats (e.g., Soepadmo, 1972). However, the implications at the species level for Castanopsis may vary, and many species presumably are at a much higher risk than the genus as a whole (BGCI, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gondwanan survivor lineages and the high‐risk biogeography of Anthropocene Southeast Asia

Kooyman

Ivory

Benfield

et al. 2022

J of Sytematics Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Southeast Asian rainforest region is extremely complex and biodiverse. Fossils have shown that paleo-Antarctic rainforest lineages (PARLs) now extant in Asia tracked the ever-wet conditions needed to survive and diversify through deep time. However, the threat of future climate change to the remaining rainforest and PARLs in Southeast Asia has yet to be evaluated to set conservation priorities. We first quantified the woody-genus floristic relationships of Southeast Asian Island Groups by vetting and analyzing recent compilations of bioregional species data. We then evaluated the contributions to community assembly of woody fossil lineages and Island Group relationships to environmental gradients. To better understand climatic constraints of fossil lineage distributions and forecast distributions under projected future climate, we used exemplar living woody PARLs, including two angiosperms and two gymnosperms. Generalized linear models were used to project potential distributions under future climate pathways that assume no reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The floristic analyses highlighted strong similarities among Island Groups in the ever-wet forest areas of Malesia, where PARLs are often concentrated. Ordination outliers represented more seasonal locations. Species distribution models showed that potential future distributions of ancient lineages are constrained by increasing rainfall seasonality and higher seasonal temperatures, with significant differences among exemplar genera. Notably, potential distributions often mapped onto de facto inaccessible areas, where forest clearing and the ubiquitous marine dispersal barriers that characterize the region will drastically inhibit potential relocation. These realities gravely threaten paleo-conservation values and contemporary rainforest community assembly processes in Southeast Asia.

show abstract

“…Field guides and botany courses often emphasize family‐level identification as a traditional starting point, and they incorporate leaf‐architecture characters to a variable extent. A few guides and systematic works are well known for their use of fine foliar features to recognize plant families (Gentry, 1993; Soepadmo et al, 2000; Keller, 2004; Simpson, 2010; Kubitzki and Bayer, 2013). Flowers and other reproductive organs—the regions that contain the most well‐defined taxonomic features (Cronquist, 1981; Rzanny et al, 2019; Seeland et al, 2019)—are ephemeral and often physically inaccessible, which is why vegetative characters are often needed to identify plants out of season (Gentry, 1993).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding family‐level features for modern and fossil leaves from computer‐vision heat maps

Spagnuolo

Wilf

Serre

2022

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premise Angiosperm leaves present a classic identification problem due to their morphological complexity. Computer‐vision algorithms can identify diagnostic regions in images, and heat map outputs illustrate those regions for identification, providing novel insights through visual feedback. We investigate the potential of analyzing leaf heat maps to reveal novel, human‐friendly botanical information with applications for extant‐ and fossil‐leaf identification. Methods We developed a manual scoring system for hotspot locations on published computer‐vision heat maps of cleared leaves that showed diagnostic regions for family identification. Heat maps of 3114 cleared leaves of 930 genera in 14 angiosperm families were analyzed. The top‐5 and top‐1 hotspot regions of highest diagnostic value were scored for 21 leaf locations. The resulting data were viewed using box plots and analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses. We manually identified similar features in fossil leaves to informally demonstrate potential fossil applications. Results The method successfully mapped machine strategy using standard botanical language, and distinctive patterns emerged for each family. Hotspots were concentrated on secondary veins (Salicaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae), tooth apices (Betulaceae, Rosaceae), and on the little‐studied margins of untoothed leaves (Rubiaceae, Annonaceae, Ericaceae). Similar features drove the results from multivariate analyses. The results echo many traditional observations, while also showing that most diagnostic leaf features remain undescribed. Conclusions Machine‐derived heat maps that initially appear to be dominated by noise can be translated into human‐interpretable knowledge, highlighting paths forward for botanists and paleobotanists to discover new diagnostic botanical characters.

show abstract

Fagaceae

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Gondwanan survivor lineages and the high‐risk biogeography of Anthropocene Southeast Asia

Decoding family‐level features for modern and fossil leaves from computer‐vision heat maps

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About