T HE ASSERTIONS of Drs. Kumar and Keeley, while compelling, do not provide convincing evidence that Amplatz dilation is superior to balloon dilation. Multiple studies have reproducibly demonstrated a lower rate of hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing balloon dilation compared with serial dilation. 1-5 The single report in the literature that casts favorable light on Alken dilators was performed by experienced percutaneous surgeons. 6 Certainly, the reusability of Alken dilators does diminish intraoperative costs over balloon dilation, but one must also consider the costs of complications. When one considers the costs associated with prolonged hospitalization, blood transfusion, and potential angiographic studies and therapy, the cost savings become less relevant, particularly in less experienced hands.Furthermore, with regard to success as an initial modality of tract dilation, Joel and associates 7 corroborated that balloon dilation has a 92% success rate in initial procedures, which, combined with its greater safety profile, renders balloon dilation a preferable means of initial access. We do believe, however, that rigid dilation should still remain in the repertoire for percutaneous surgeons in the rare instance that balloon dilation proves inffective. 7 While using retrograde instrumentation to clear a path for percutaneous access and to maximize clearance of other calices has merit, we believe that with proper percutaneous access, endoscopic guidance adds little while adding cost and operative time. At the University of Wisconsin, we use upper-pole access whenever possible, because it provides excellent access to most calices and allows for clearance of even complex staghorn calculi. Moreover, the upper-pole access path usually minimizes curvature of the tract, thus addressing the concerns over shearing forces raised by Drs. Kumar and Keeley. 8 In summary, we support that while rigid dilation retains a secondary role in percutaneous access, balloon dilation remains the primary means of tract dilation for most urologists today. Furthermore, with proper caliceal access, most large renal stones are safely and effectively managed with percutaneous surgery alone, without the need for concurrent retrograde instrumentation.
References1. Turna B, Nazli O, Demiryoguran S, Mammadov R, Cal C. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Variables that influence hemorrhage. Urology 2007:69:603-607. 2. Şafak M, Gögüs C, Soygür T. Nephrostomy tract dilation using a balloon dilator in percutaneous renal surgery: Experience with 95 cases and comparison with the fascial dilator system. Urol Int 2003;71:382-384. 3. Davidoff R, Bellman GC. Influence of technique of percutaneous tract creation on the incidence of renal hemorrhage. J Urol 1997;157:1229-1231. 4. Heggagi MA, Karsza A, Szüle E Jr. Use of different types of dilator systems in the prevention of complications of percutaneous (PC) renal surgery. Acta Chir Hung 1991;32:365-369. 5. Kukreja R, Desai M, Patel S, Bapat S, Desai M. Factors affecting blood loss during nephrol...