Failure characteristics of carbon/BMI-Nomex sandwich joints in various hygrothermal conditions

The flatwise compressive properties of Nomex honeycomb core with debonding imperfections in the double cell wall

“…Nomex TM honeycomb sandwich structures are extensively used in the aerospace and automotive industry to reduce the overall weight of vehicles, aircrafts, trains, etc., due to the combined advantages of the Nomex core and sandwich structure [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Examples of the applications of Nomex honeycomb core sandwich structures in airplane are floors, doors, wing flaps, wing-body fairings, rudders, overhead stowage bins, ceiling or sidewall panels, engine cowls, spoilers, nacelles, radomes, etc.…”

Insert of sandwich panels sizing through a failure mode map

“…In general, a variation of 1%, 2% or 5% is used to detect the end of the linear behavior, and thus, the "structural failure" of the insert [20,23]. Also, there are some references that identify the insert pull-out strength in the first peak of the force vs displacement curve [14,15,22,24]. Although both approaches are based on the insert stiffness, they identify different points and, thus, different pull-out strengths.…”

“…1. Comparison of the experimental and pull-out strengths and those estimated using the most common analytical approaches [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Moreover, testing is expensive and could take a considerable amount of time. In this context, the virtual testing of inserts proves to be an advantageous Table 5 Characteristics of several pull-out tests of inserts in sandwich panels with Nomex honeycomb core [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. technique to reduce time and costs while providing accurate estimations.…”

The Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on the Glass and Carbon Reinforced Epoxy Composites for different Stacking Sequences

“…In some applications, PCMs may be exposed to some hygrothermal conditions with high temperature and moisture content and this environment will lead to deterioration of composites properties [4,5]. Therefore, most researchers have focused on hygrothermal aging effects on PCMs [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Fitriah et al [13] investigated the hygrothermal aging effects on crushing behaviour of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy pipes that were manufactured with three different winding angles by filament winding process.…”