Failure mechanics of organic–inorganic multilayer permeation barriers in flexible electronics

Jia, Zheng; Tucker, Matthew B.; Li, Teng

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.12.003

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It has been previously shown that the mechanical durability of the top oxide layer in a multilayer structure can be enhanced by applying a thin protective coating onto the surface of the top oxide. [12] In this work, we coat a polymeric layer (thin PMMA or thick S1813) on top of the ITO thin film (Structures 4 and 5), aiming to increase the electro-mechanical properties during the tensile loading. The results in Figure 3(b) clearly show that the critical strain has been increased after the protective coating, and this is a clear evidence for the improvement of electro-mechanical quality in multilayer structures.…”

Section: In Situ Sem Observation Of Channel Cracks In Ito Film Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling study of the failure mechanics of multilayer permeation barriers shows that the organic layers can also increase the critical fracture strain of the inorganic layers. [11,12] A recent study further reveals that a compliant protective coating on the top inorganic layer in a multilayer permeation barrier can further enhance the mechanical durability of the permeation barriers. [12] Motivated by the progress in the abovementioned multilayer permeation barriers, we design and fabricate ITO-based multilayer electrodes with enhanced electro-mechanical durability.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[11,12] A recent study further reveals that a compliant protective coating on the top inorganic layer in a multilayer permeation barrier can further enhance the mechanical durability of the permeation barriers. [12] Motivated by the progress in the abovementioned multilayer permeation barriers, we design and fabricate ITO-based multilayer electrodes with enhanced electro-mechanical durability. The failure mechanics of the ITO-based multilayer electrodes will be investigated through both in situ electromechanical experiments of the electrodes and coherently devised mechanics modeling.…”

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In Situ Electro‐Mechanical Experiments and Mechanics Modeling of Fracture in Indium Tin Oxide‐Based Multilayer Electrodes

et al. 2012

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Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides in applications such as electronic displays and solar cells. The low resistivity and high transmittance of ITO have led to the recent explorations of polymer-supported ITO films as the transparent electrodes in flexible electronics. Flexible devices are often subject to repeated large deformation. While compliant polymer substrates can sustain large strain, brittle ITO films often fracture at a small strain. The cracking of ITO electrodes leads to loss of electrical conductance, posing crucial challenge to the reliability of flexible devices. As an effort to address this challenge, here we report a multilayer structural design of ITO-based electrodes with enhanced electro-mechanical durability. In particular, our in situ electro-mechanical experiments and coherent mechanics modeling reveal that, a top protective polymeric coating above and an intermediate polymeric layer below the ITO electrode can effectively reduce the driving force for cracking of the ITO electrode. The findings of the present paper suggest a feasible solution to durable transparent electrodes for flexible electronics.The multilayer structural design of ITO-based electrodes in the present study is inspired by the recent progress in designing high performance permeation barriers for flexible electronics. While flexible electronics is being developed toward an array of promising applications (e.g., paper like displays and sensitive electronic skins, etc.), [1][2][3][4][5][6] the service life of flexible devices is limited due to the vulnerability of functional organic layers in flexible devices to the attack of environmental water vapor and oxygen. High performance COMMUNICATION Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films are widely used as transparent electrodes in electronic displays and solar cells. However, the small fracture strain of brittle ITO films poses significant challenge to their applications in flexible electronics devices that often undergo large deformation. Inspired by recent development of inorganic/organic hybrid permeation barriers for flexible electronics, we design and fabricate ITO-based multilayer electrodes with enhanced electro-mechanical durability. In situ electro-mechanical experiments of five structural designs of ITO-based multilayer electrodes are performed to investigate the evolution of crack density and the corresponding variance of electrical resistance of such electrodes. A coherent mechanics model is established to determine the driving force for crack propagation in the ITO layer in these electrodes. The mechanics model suggests that a top protective polymeric coating above and an intermediate polymeric layer below the ITO layer can effectively enhance the mechanical durability of the ITO electrodes by reducing the crack driving force up to 10-folds. The modeling results offer mechanistic understanding of the in situ experimental measurements of the critical fracture strains of the five types of ITO-based multilayer electrodes. The findin...

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Section: In Situ Sem Observation Of Channel Cracks In Ito Film Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Electro‐Mechanical Experiments and Mechanics Modeling of Fracture in Indium Tin Oxide‐Based Multilayer Electrodes

et al. 2012

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“…Mechanical failure of multilayer systems is separated into failure at the interfaces or in the bulk. 55 At this time, the majority of studies highlight the changes in electrical properties but do not illustrate the mechanical mechanism of failure. Understanding the mechanism by which these films fail can inform methods for how to improve the mechanical response, as will be discussed in this section.…”

Section: Mechanical Failure Modes In Polymer Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Onorato

Pakhnyuk

Luscombe

2016

Polym J

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The field of stretchable electronics has recently gained significant interest from the academic community, with a focus on producing materials that demonstrate reliable electrical performance with improved response to mechanical deformation. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationships between the mechanical behavior and electrical performance of such devices. Potential solutions can take the form of intrinsically elastic polymers, polymer semiconductor/ elastomer blends and alternative engineering-oriented approaches, which are discussed herein. Trends and design strategies are beginning to manifest in this early stage of the stretchable electronics field. The development of stretchable electrical systems can provide unique applications of organic electronics.

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“…Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios for the three layers are E t , E m and E b , and ν t , ν m and ν b , respectively. Due to the fact that the structure for flexible electronics is long and thin ( Jia et al, 2011;Lee and Liu, 2014;Lin and Jain, 2009;Yu et al, 2013 ), the top and bottom layers behave as the slender beams and the model is known as the Euler-Bernoulli beam ( Timoshenko, 1930 ). The soft middle layer is modeled as the shear lag which only accounts for the shear deformation; its validity will be discussed later.…”

Section: Given Slopes Are Imposed At the Ends Of The Hard Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear deformation dominates in the soft adhesive layers of the laminated structure of flexible electronics

Liu

et al. 2017

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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a b s t r a c tFlexible electronics has attracted much attention in recent years due to the favorable applications to many emerging devices. A novel laminated structure for a new-generation of flexible electronics is composed of several thin layers, where the hard functional components are built, glued by soft adhesives. To prevent the premature mechanical failure and to achieve the best performance of the electronics, the structural design of such a laminate is of crucial importance. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish an analytic model to accurately describe the mechanical behavior of the laminated structure. The available models fall into two categories: those only taking into account the normal strain-induced deformation of the soft adhesive layers and those only incorporating the shear deformation of the same layers. This paper aims to quantitatively figure out which deformation dominates. By establishing an accurate enough analytic model, a significant finding is revealed that shear deformation dominates in the soft adhesive layers of the laminated structure of flexible electronics while the normal strain-induced deformation is negligible. The model is well validated by the finite element method (FEM). The effects of the membrane energy and bending energy of the soft layer are also investigated by incorporating or neglecting the shear energy. The model accurately captures the key quantities such as the strain distribution in each layer and the locations of the neutral mechanical planes of the top and bottom layers. This work is expected to provide the design guidelines for the laminated structure-based flexible electronics.

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Failure mechanics of organic–inorganic multilayer permeation barriers in flexible electronics

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

In Situ Electro‐Mechanical Experiments and Mechanics Modeling of Fracture in Indium Tin Oxide‐Based Multilayer Electrodes

In Situ Electro‐Mechanical Experiments and Mechanics Modeling of Fracture in Indium Tin Oxide‐Based Multilayer Electrodes

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Shear deformation dominates in the soft adhesive layers of the laminated structure of flexible electronics

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