Failure mechanisms of automotive side glazing in rollover collisions

Batzer, Stephen A.

doi:10.1007/bf02692322

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, there are some concerns that are related to emergency evacuation and increased risk of the neck and head injuries when using laminated glass. 31,39 Therefore, future work can address the effects of the side window characteristics (e.g. laminated vs tempered glass, dimensions, and distance from the seat) on the severity of injury outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Seyedi

Jung

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Rollover crashes of buses are usually associated with multiple impacts that can result in complex interactions between passengers and a bus superstructure. Although there have been a few field data studies that provide some insights into occupant injuries (e.g. severity and distribution of injuries) during the real-world bus rollover crash, because they had used post-crash data, the occupant kinematics and injury mechanisms were not completely detailed in their results. Based on a literature review, available numerical and experimental studies on a bus rollover safety have mainly focused on structural integrity rather than considering occupant responses in their assessment. In addition, their results about occupant responses in bus rollover crashes show some discrepancies in terms of the estimated injury distribution, severity, and causes. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to provide a more detailed understanding of the occupant kinematics and associated injury risk during the ECE R66 tilt table bus rollover test using validated finite element (FE) models. The ECE R66 tilt table rollover was simulated using a full finite element model of the bus. A 50th percentile male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic test device (ATD) and EuroSID-2re FE models were selected to simulate the occupant’s motion. Each ATD was seated adjacent to the impacted side wall and restrained with a 2-point seatbelt. Simulation parameters included two impact surface friction values and different side window conditions. The results indicated that both ATD estimated the highest injury risk when the partial ejection occurred. They predicted a similar injury risk for the head and thorax. The ES-2re estimated a very low risk of neck injury in all simulations, whereas the Hybrid III estimated the high risk of a neck injury. Finally, recommendations to potentially reduce the injuries were provided and possible future works were suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the difficulties in simulating the exact time of window failure, the FE analysis was conducted with and without the side window. 31,32 The tilt table test is usually conducted on the flat concrete surface. Another parameter that can influence the testing outcome is the coefficient of friction of the impact surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Seyedi

Jung

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Although ejections through the windshield do occur, they are rare. The failure mechanisms of side glass have been cataloged by Batzer 13,27,28 Analysis of tests and unplanned rollovers shows that crash forces deform the body and fracture the glass. Fracture due to occupant contact is uncommon as the severity of occupant-to-glazing impacts are insufficient to fracture the glazing.…”

Section: Failure Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Side Glazing Failure In Rollover Collisions

Batzer¹

2009

JotNAFE

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During Automotive Rollover Collisions, Full Containment Is Critical To Occupant Safety. Conventional 3-Point Safety Belts Cannot Ensure Full Containment. Tempered Glazing Failure Results In Open Portals, Leading To Numerous Avoidable Deaths And Serious Injuries As Occupant Heads, Shoulders, Arms, And Even Legs Are Ejected And Interact With The Environment And Vehicle Exterior. This Paper Surveys The Forensic Aspects Of Side Window Glazing During Rollover Collisions, To Include Failure Mechanisms, Fractography, And Legal Aspects. Both The Level Of Expected Duty And Current State Of Technology Are Reviewed. Occupant Retention Glazing Design Is Discussed Along With Case Studies.

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Automotive Side Glazing Ejection Mechanisms: Part II — Review of Recent Glazing Literature

Batzer¹,

Herndon²,

Semones³

et al. 2008

Volume 16: Safety Engineering, Risk Analysis and Reliability Methods

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In Part I of this two part series, the mechanisms of occupant ejection through automotive side glazing during rollover collisions were analyzed. It was shown that partial or complete ejection can occur through centrifugal acceleration based motion through an open portal, or due to the changes in velocity (ΔVs) developed during corner impacts. A new rollover angular velocity model was also developed and validated. In this second paper, recent literature discussing occupant retention side glazing is discussed, and the new angular rate model is applied. New dolly rollover testing of two XC90s is also presented and compared to previous testing.

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Failure mechanisms of automotive side glazing in rollover collisions

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Side Glazing Failure In Rollover Collisions

Automotive Side Glazing Ejection Mechanisms: Part II — Review of Recent Glazing Literature

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