Failure mode, ferroelastic behavior and toughening effect of bismuth titanate ferroelectric ceramics under uniaxial compression load

Ferroelastic Hysteresis in Thin Films of Methylammonium Lead Iodide

“…In the following experiments, we focus particularly on the unloading/re-loading behavior to indirectly study the hysteresis loop. prior work, [20][21][22] where εS, εi, εtot, εElastic are the spontaneous, inelastic, total and elastic strains respectively, S is the saturation point, and σC is the coercive stress. The stars indicate fracture point locations for different materials.…”

“…36 Convex bending applies tensile in-plane strain and concave bending applies compressive in-plane strain. (b) Ferroelastic hysteresis loop and (c) Idealized stress-strain curve for a ferroelastic based on prior work, [20][21][22] where εS, εi, εtot, εElastic are the spontaneous, inelastic, total and elastic strains respectively, S is the saturation point, and σC is the coercive stress. The stars indicate fracture point locations for different materials.…”

“…An idealized curve based on the literature for various oxide perovskites and zirconia is presented in Figure 5c. [20][21][22]67 Upon fabrication, a spontaneous strain εS exists in the material. At very high applied stresses (or strains), the material is in a fully plastic regime (points 2-3).…”

“…Ferroelasticity involves the spontaneous formation of sub-grain domains of differing orientation, the relative proportion of which can be changed by applying stress. [16][17][18][19] This phenomenon is common in a variety of materials, such as zirconia 20 or oxide and fluoride perovskites, 21,22 and has been increasingly investigated in halide perovskites. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] At elevated temperatures many APbX3 materials have higher symmetry, but as the material cools the R4 + phonon mode condenses, inducing permanent out-of-phase tilting of the BX6 octahedra and a spontaneous strain in the material.…”

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of PIN–PMN–PT Bulk Single Crystals by Nanoindentation

“…In practical applications, relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals are expected to endure mechanical loading [17][18][19][20]. Moreover, mechanical loading may also degrade the performance of ferroelectric single-crystal devices, eventually leading to device failure during fabrication or service [21][22][23][24]. Understanding the mechanical properties of relaxor-based ferroelectric PIN-PMN-PT single crystals is therefore key to improving the performance and optimizing the design of these devices.…”