Failure modes of conducting yarns in electronic-textile applications

Kok, Margreet de; Vries, H. de; Pacheco, Katherine; Heck, Gert van

doi:10.1177/0040517515573405

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The purpose of our study is to report the performance of the stitch types sewn with conductive thread in a specific distance on a textile substrate as a single unit, analogous to a thread, conforming to prior studies. [8][9][10] Thus, we report resistance values (V) and not the resistivity, which is a calculation resulting from inputs related to the mass and resistance value.…”

Section: Measuring and Reporting Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stitch classes on the electrical properties of conductive threads

Ruppert-Stroescu

Balasubramanian

2017

Textile Research Journal

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Bio-physical signal measurement tools embedded in clothing are becoming a viable alternative in mobile health monitoring systems, particularly Wearable Electronic Textile-based Systems (WETS). To assure clinical viability, utilizing flexible and inconspicuous conductive media that can acquire and transmit reliable signals while assuring signal durability and biocompatibility are particularly important when developing WETS for medical applications. To accomplish this task, conductive threads are emerging as an appropriate electrical medium for health monitoring garments. However, little has been studied on the behavior of these conductive threads under various conditions. We report here the electrical conductive properties of specific conductive threads under two conditions: (i) as sewn configurations onto a textile substrate with different stitch types and (ii) as independent strands under controlled extension independent from a sewing machine. Statistical results showed that the stitch class and thread location significantly influenced the electrical resistance of the conductive thread, revealing the chain stitch to provide resistance even lower than the un-stitched conductive thread. In addition, under controlled extension all three of the conductive threads exhibited both a hysteresis and a stress-relaxation effect. These are important phenomena to examine when conductive threads are incorporated into WETS because the choice of stitch type will influence the strength of the signals received and transmitted, while the wearers’ body movements will cause the threads to encounter multi-axial stretch. Knowing the influence of stitch type, stretch, and relaxation on conductive thread resistance will inform objective design and manufacturing decisions for developing clinical-grade textile-based electrical circuits for medical applications.

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Section: Measuring and Reporting Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stitch classes on the electrical properties of conductive threads

Ruppert-Stroescu

Balasubramanian

2017

Textile Research Journal

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“…Mechanical stress due to sharp edges of rigid circuit boards causes high abrasion of conductive yarns and recurring yarn breaks. This drawback obstructs the realization of textile-integrated electronics and textile wearables [ 12 ]. Therefore, circuit boards must become more flexible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Flexible and Functional Sequins Using Subtractive Technology and 3D Printing for Embroidered Wearable Textile Applications

2021

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Embroidery is often the preferred technology when rigid circuit boards need to be connected to sensors and electrodes by data transmission lines and integrated into textiles. Moreover, conventional circuit boards, like Lilypad Arduino, commonly lack softness and flexibility. One approach to overcome this drawback can be flexible sequins as a substrate carrier for circuit boards. In this paper, such an approach of the development of flexible and functional sequins and circuit boards for wearable textile applications using subtractive and additive technology is demonstrated. Applying these techniques, one-sided sequins and circuit boards are produced using wax printing and etching copper-clad foils, as well as using dual 3D printing of conventional isolating and electrically conductive materials. The resulting flexible and functional sequins are equipped with surface mounted devices, applied to textiles by an automated embroidery process and contacted with a conductive embroidery thread.

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“…Therefore, silver-coated yarns will be examined in this study. However, Chui et al [27] and de Kok et al [29] also reported that silver-coated yarns become damaged as the silver is delaminated after stitching during the manufacturing process. The coating of the conductive yarn is damaged after stitching and the damage to the yarns increases in severity from the applied mechanical stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of conductive tracks in fabricating e-textiles by lock-stitch embroidery

Zheng

et al. 2020

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Lock-stitch embroidery has been the centre of much interest as a versatile and precise method of producing conductive tracks in the fabrication of wearable electronic devices. However, improper fabrication parameter settings could result in the nonconformity of the conductive tracks and damage the conductive coating of the conductive yarns. In this study, we evaluate the appearance quality, dimensional stability and electrical resistance of conductive tracks by taking into account the embroidering speed (ES), stitch length (SL), needle thread pre-tension (NTP) and embroidering direction (ED). The conductive tracks are embroidered onto knitted fabric in different directions with silver-coated polyamide yarn as the needle thread. The results show that stitching the conductive tracks in the wale direction results in a more uniform stitch lines in comparison to the other directions. To resolve the problem of floated stitches, it is recommended that an SL of 4 mm and a higher NTP are used. The percentage of shrinkage in the wale direction is lower than in the course direction. The electrical resistance of the conductive tracks increases with a higher ES and shorter SL. It is also found that a thicker yarn is more sensitive to the NTP and some of the silver coating is rubbed off with an NTP of 50 gf. We also carry out an overlay plot analysis, through which we predict and validate the optimal embroidery parameters that balance appearance quality and electrical resistance. The technique parameters in this study can be used to embroider conductive tracks for smart clothing.

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Failure modes of conducting yarns in electronic-textile applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of stitch classes on the electrical properties of conductive threads

Effects of stitch classes on the electrical properties of conductive threads

Development of Flexible and Functional Sequins Using Subtractive Technology and 3D Printing for Embroidered Wearable Textile Applications

Performance evaluation of conductive tracks in fabricating e-textiles by lock-stitch embroidery

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