“…These include but are not limited to the absence of an apical lesion, use of dental dams during treatment and core placement, use of surgical operating microscopes, periodontal condition, structural integrity/restorability of the tooth, biofilms, and effective post-endodontic restoration. 4,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22 The endodontic literature is replete with research focused on these local factors, yet few articles have been published that focus on the effect of provider training on outcomes. Alley et al 23 found that endodontic treatment provided by endodontic specialists was more than 10% more successful than treatment provided by general dentists.…”