Failure of steel pipes for hot air supply

Gojić, Mirko; Nagode, Aleš; Kosec, Borut; Kožuh, Stjepan; Šavli, Štefan; Holjevac-Grgurić, Tamara; Kosec, Ladislav

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.07.016

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During milling, different processes such as structural defect, amorphization and reduction in grain size occur. Thus volume fraction of grain boundaries (point and linear defects, especially dislocations) increases with the refinement of grain size to nano-level and this leads to the more defect storage sites, shorter diffusion path and attains meta-stable nonequilibrium state during milling [25]. It is found from X-ray diffraction spectra of duplex steel that limited transformation from ferrite to austenite takes place as milling energy is not sufficient for transformation.…”

Section: Consolidation Of Nano-structured Stainless Steel Powder By Pmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steels by pulverisette planetary milling followed by pressureless sintering

Rajendrachari

Chaira

2015

Materials Characterization

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Section: Consolidation Of Nano-structured Stainless Steel Powder By Pmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steels by pulverisette planetary milling followed by pressureless sintering

Rajendrachari

Chaira

2015

Materials Characterization

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“…During dry milling of duplex and ferritic stainless steel, they had undergone many transformations like introduction of structural defects, amorphization, reduction in crystallite size, increase in lattice strain and volume fraction of grain boundaries [21]. This results in increased number of defect storage sites, shortens diffusion paths and attains non-equilibrium state [39]. During sintering, both the stainless steel powder particles diffuse through necking and rearrange themselves in a regular manner and in turn increases the crystallinity of stainless steel, rate of diffusion, grain growth and the atomic periodicity.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Rajendrachari¹,

Uzun²,

Chaira³

2019

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In the present paper, elemental Fe, Cr and Ni powders were used to fabricate nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steel powders by using high energy planetary ball milling. We have studied the effect of milling atmosphere like wet (toluene) and dry (argon) milling of elemental Fe-18Cr-13Ni (duplex) and Fe-17Cr-1Ni (ferritic) powders for 10 h in a dual drive planetary mill. Stearic acid of 1wt. % was added during milling to avoid agglomeration. The dry and wet milled duplex and ferritic stainless steel powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and particle size analysis techniques. We have found that both the milling atmospheres have great influence in controlling the final particle morphology, size and phase evolution during milling. It was reported that dry milling is more effective in reducing particle size than the wet milling. The Nelson-Riley method of extrapolation was used to calculate the precise lattice parameter and Williamson-Hall method was used to calculate the crystallite size and lattice strain of both the stainless steel milled in argon atmosphere. Dry milled duplex and ferritic stainless steel were then consolidated by conventional sintering method at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C temperatures under argon atmosphere for 1 hour.

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“…During milling, the stainless steel powder has undergone many transformations like introduction of structural defects, amorphization, reduction in crystallite size and the increase in volume fraction of grain boundaries. This increases the number of defect storage sites, shortens diffusion paths and attains non-equilibrium state [27]. But during sintering, the stainless steel powder particles diffuse and rearrange themselves in a regular manner, and this increases the crystallinity of stainless steel.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Milled Duplex And Ferriticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nano-Y2O3 and Sintering Parameters on the Fabrication of PM Duplex and Ferritic Stainless Steels

Rajendrachari

Chaira

2016

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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Here we report the effects of nano-Y 2 O 3 addition, sintering atmosphere and time during on the fabrication of PM duplex and ferritic stainless steels composites by dual-drive planetary milling of elemental Fe, Cr and Ni powders followed by conventional pressureless sintering. Yttria-free and yttria-dispersed duplex and ferritic stainless steels are fabricated by conventional sintering at 1000, 1200 and 1400°C temperatures under argon atmosphere. In another set of experiment, yttria-free and yttria-dispersed duplex and ferritic stainless steels are consolidated at 1000°C for 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere to study the effect of sintering atmosphere. It has been found that densities of duplex and yttriadispersed duplex stainless steel increase from 71% to 91% and 78% to 94%, respectively, with the increase in sintering temperature. Similarly, hardness value increases from 257 to 567 HV 25 in case of duplex, and from 332 to 576 HV 25 in yttria-dispersed duplex stainless steel. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the domination of more intense austenite phase than ferrite at higher sintering temperature and also in nitrogen atmosphere. It is also evident that addition of yttria enhances phase transformation from a-Fe to c-Fe. Duplex and yttria-dispersed duplex stainless steels exhibit the maximum compressive yield strength of 360 and 312 MPa, respectively.

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Failure of steel pipes for hot air supply

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Development of nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steels by pulverisette planetary milling followed by pressureless sintering

Development of nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steels by pulverisette planetary milling followed by pressureless sintering

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Effects of Nano-Y2O3 and Sintering Parameters on the Fabrication of PM Duplex and Ferritic Stainless Steels

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