Failure of the top emission organic light-emitting device with a Ca/Ag semitransparent cathode

Mechanism of droplet generation in silver thin films for organic light-emitting diode displays

“…(2) [19,10], the gas was released at Δp N 0 condition; the σ is the surface tension and it is 0.90 kg/s 2 (961°C) [20][21][22]; R is the radius of the bubble. When the diameter of the bubble is 2 μm, Δp is 1.80 × 10 6 Pa. Because silver was evaporated in high vacuum conditions, Δp is almost same the P gas (Δp ≈ p gas ).…”

“…Lee et al, have attempted to develop a transparent cathode that is composed of various metals and deposited by a method that does not induce damage. In their work, they fabricated a highly transparent cathode using a Ca/Ag and Ba/Ag double layer [3,10,11].…”

Sr/Ag semitransparent cathodes for top emission organic light-emitting devices

“…Top emission organic light-emitting devices (TEOLEDs) have been attracted in recent years because of their possibility in realizing high resolution displays [1][2][3][4]. The cathodes of these devices have to be transparent in the visible wavelength region since the generated light in the device is emitting out of the opposite surface of the substrate which contains driving circuitry in active matrix display.…”

“…However, the radiation induced damages are still concern for the efficient and stable devices. Recently, the thermally evaporated semitransparent cathodes such as LiF/Al/Ag [12], Sm/Au [13], Yb/Ag [14], and Ca/Ag [3,15] have been demonstrated for the top emission devices.…”

Top emission organic light emitting diode with transparent cathode, Ba‐Ag double layer

“…Therefore, we have attempted to develop damage free transparent cathode, which is composed of various metal and deposited by a method not inducing any damages. In our earlier work, we fabricated highly transparent cathode using Ca and Ag double layer [3][4]. To further improve device properties, we tested Ba and Ag as a transparent cathode.…”