Studies of human heredity have advanced in many areas and have con tributed to the understanding of basic genetic mechanisms. To enumerate all the advances is beyond the scope of the assignment (and the abilities of the reviewer), not to mention the page limitations imposed by the editors. Those papers discussed here are a sample, hopefully not random, of de velopments primarily in 1965 and 1966. This period was selected in part be cause of the excellent review of human genetics assembled for the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium in 1964 (64).