Failure to find evidence of the unitary OR concept with indifferent low-intensity auditory stimuli

Barry, Robert J.

doi:10.3758/bf03335305

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This indicated no significant main effects of intensity, novelty, or significance, and no significant interactions. The results of this experiment confirm the findings reported in Barry (1977) regarding intensity and novelty effects on the HR response and indicate that attentional demand has had no effect upon this index of the OR. …”

Section: Hrsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This was virtually identical to that reported in Barry (1977) and the same criteria were used here in extracting response magnitudes from subject protocols. The HR response was defined as the maximum deceleration relative to prestimulus HR occurring in the first five poststimulus beats .…”

Section: Hrsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Thus this manipulation was aimed at modifying the stimulus complex presented to an unselected sample of subjects . This attentional demand distinguished the procedure used here from that used to obtain the information previously reported in Barry (1975Barry ( , 1976Barry ( , 1977 regarding the OR produced by nonsignal stimuli, where the stimuli were implied to be irrelevant elevator noises. (The headphones were supposedly used to help mask such noises.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean values are displayed against stimulus intensity in Figure 1 and against stimulus cycles in Figure 2. The data from Barry (1977) and the present experiment were subjected to a three-way analysis of variance over the factors of attention, intensity, and repetition, with…”

Section: Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, there is a major lack of data relevant to the influence of change in this variable upon stimulus-intensity effects and response habituation. Barry (1975Barry ( , 1976Barry ( , 1977 has discussed the effects of intensity and novelty under nonsignal conditions upon the six psychophysiological indices surveyed above . The present study investigated the effects of attentional demand upon these stimulus-response relationships as part of an effort to elucidate the apparently different effects due to attentional and response requirements reported in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The effect of “significance” upon indices of Sokolov’s orienting response: A new conceptualization to replace the OR

Barry

1977

Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sokolov's conceptualization of the OR has many elaborations reflecting its postulated importance in perceptual and motor processes, but in the final analysis its validity rests on the reality of the physiological processes which are hypothesized to occur in response to simple stimuli. These are supposed to behave in a coherent manner which allows the use of the term "OR" as a unitary concept. Such an OR is hypothesized to depend on stimulus intensity, novelty, and significance in well-defined ways. This study focused upon the last variable as manipulated by attentional demand. The small effects obtained by this manipulation were not as predicted by Sokolov, and were able to be explained most parsimoniously in terms of novelty. These results generated a new hypothetical structure tentatively offered as a first step in the replacement of the unitary OR concept.

show abstract

Section: Hrsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Hrsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The effect of “significance” upon indices of Sokolov’s orienting response: A new conceptualization to replace the OR

Barry

1977

Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Orienting Response: Index of Attention

Cohen

2013

The Neuropsychology of Attention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Cohen

1993

Critical Issues in Neuropsychology

211

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher An unfortunate case of "hemispatial" inattention. ("M Babinet prevenu par sa portiere de Ia visite de Ia comete." From Le Charivari, 1858, by Honore Daumier. Babcock Bequest; Courtesy of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.) PrefaceAt the beginning of this project, I was struck by several paradoxes regarding the study of attentional phenomena within neuropsychology. On one hand, the concept of attention has been central to the historical development of psychology. Attention was considered a fundamental and inescapable aspect of human experience by Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and the other founders of modern psychology. On the other hand, for much of the 20th century, psychologists tried desperately to avoid acknowledging the need for an attentional construct. Because attention has an intangible quality and cannot be specified as a unitary process, many behavioral scientists considered the construct of attention theoretically incoherent. Some of their concerns regarding the nature of attentional phenomena were clearly justified. It is also apparent, however, that explanations of behavior and cognition that fail to account for attentional phenomena cannot fully capture human experience.Recently, there has been a shift in zeitgeist, and attention has received more favorable treatment within the cognitive neurosciences. Humans cannot handle an infinite amount of simultaneous information. Therefore, cognitive processes must exist that direct our focus to information that is important, and that permit the selection of stimuli and responses from the large universe of alternatives. Regardless of whether one advocates the existence of a discrete attentional process, it is necessary to account for the occurrence of those phenomena that we normally label as aspects of attention. Consideration of the mechanisms underlying the selection of information and the control of stimulus and response processes is critical if we hope to understand human cognitive experience.The necessity of studying the mechanisms underlying attentional phenomena is particularly evident within neuropsychology. Patients with brain disorders frequently do not perform at optimal levels, even when task variables are held constant. They may fail to detect an object in the environment, even though it can be demonstrated that they have adequate perceptual capability. Reference to performance deficits stemming from attentional dysfunction is common in cl...

show abstract

Failure to find evidence of the unitary OR concept with indifferent low-intensity auditory stimuli

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of “significance” upon indices of Sokolov’s orienting response: A new conceptualization to replace the OR

The effect of “significance” upon indices of Sokolov’s orienting response: A new conceptualization to replace the OR

The Orienting Response: Index of Attention

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About