Failure to Obtain Instrumental Successive Negative Contrast in Tasks that Support Consummatory Successive Negative Contrast

Can contextual cues control consummatory successive negative contrast?

“…There seems to be no available information concerning the possibility, hypothesized here, that taste memories cannot be so easily reactivated as can, say, visual memories. This would certainly be consistent with the classic finding that iSNC does not occur in runways when sucrose solutions are the incentives (for a recent report, see Sastre et al, 2005). Contrary evidence is provided by brain imaging studies.…”

“…However, several lines of research show that they engage different mechanisms. For example, whereas iSNC does not occur in the runway when incentive downshift involves a change in the concentration of sucrose solutions, cSNC can be readily obtained in the same animals in terms of licking responses in the goal box (Flaherty & Caprio, 1976;Sastre, Lin, & Reilly, 2005). Furthermore, damage to several brain areas, including the hippocampus, septum, enthorinal cortex, and nucleus accumbens, disrupts iSNC after a downshift in the number of food pellets, but does not affect cSNC after a downshift in sucrose concentration (e.g., Flaherty, Coppotelli, Hsu, & Otto, 1998;Leszczuk & Flaherty, 2000).…”

Scaling relative incentive value in consummatory behavior

“…First, the distinction between recognition and cued-recall relativity may shed light on the heretofore unexplained dissociation between iSNC and cSNC when sucrose solutions are delivered as rewards. No evidence of iSNC has been found when rats are reinforced with sucrose solutions of diVerent concentrations for running in a runway (e.g., Barnes & Tombaugh, 1973;Rosen, 1966;Rosen & Ison, 1965;Sastre, Lin, & Reilly, 2005;Shanab, France, & Young, 1976;Spear, 1965). Furthermore, whereas rats fail to show iSNC in instrumental behavior, the same rats exhibit cSNC in the goal box (Flaherty & Caprio, 1976).…”

Flexible behavioral adjustment to frustrative nonreward in anticipatory behavior, but not in consummatory behavior, requires the dorsal hippocampus

“…Moreover, in runway training experiments with a sucrose downshift presented in the goal box, evidence was found for cSNC, indicated by a decrease in sucrose consumption within the goal box. However, there was no evidence of iSNC in the runway leading up to the goal box, as the latency to reach the goal box remained unchanged (e.g., Sastre et al, 2005). From a neurobiological perspective, lesions of the nucleus accumbens abolish the iSNC without affecting the cSNC (Leszczuk & Flaherty, 2000), whereas lesions of the gustatory thalamus produce the opposite impairment (Sastre & Reilly, 2006).…”