Failure to thrive in babies and toddlers

Goh, Lay Hoon; How, Choon How; Ng, Kar Hui

doi:10.11622/smedj.2016102

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Vol. 17 Decreased weight gain which results in severe undernourishment can cause unrelenting short stature, secondary immune deficit, and everlasting brain damage [2,[4][5][6]. Decreased weight gain occurs when weight is less than the 2nd centile for age and gender when plotted on a suitable growth chart and reduced velocity of weight gain that is irregular to growth in length [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure To Thrive In Children Under Two Years Of Age And Associated Factors, A Hospital- Based Study

Khalil¹,

Husain²,

Alkhateeb³

et al. 2019

DJM

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Background: Failure to thrive is a common problem in infancy and children result from inadequate nutrition or chronic illnesses. Objective: To assess the severity and risk factors associated with failure to thrive. Patients and Methods: In this cross-section study, 50 children under 2 years of age with FTT admitted to Jalawla general hospital, Diyala province, Iraq during the period 1st of Jan. to 1st of July 2018 were studied. The parameters used to assess the growth of involved children included weight, height and head circumference for ages, using Z-score (Standard deviation score) and the mean had been taken from Tanner growth chart. Other child variables included socioeconomic status and hemoglobin level also studied. Results: The male: female ratio was 1.5:1 and 38 children (76%) were below one year of age, 25 of them (50%) were of low socioeconomic state and the majority from overcrowded families. Maternal illiteracy was recorded in 26 (52%). Twenty-three children (46%) were exclusively bottle-fed. Twenty-two children (44%) their weights for age were <-3SD below the mean, twelve children (14%) their heights for age were <-3SD, seven children (14%), had head circumference <-3SD which indicate very severe malnutrition. Most of children in this study were from large size families with low socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Failure to thrive is a common problem in our locality. Those below one year of age constitutes 76%, and 50% were from low socioeconomic families.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure To Thrive In Children Under Two Years Of Age And Associated Factors, A Hospital- Based Study

Khalil¹,

Husain²,

Alkhateeb³

et al. 2019

DJM

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“…During puberty, they have a catch up in growth, and reach their normal adult stature [13]. On the contrary, children with “familial short stature” have shorter adult height, which is also present in their parents [14]. Also, it is known that maternal smoking during pregnancy is strongly associated with low birthweight and smaller sized babies as expected per gestational age [15], and also beginning to smoke during the years of development can adversely affect body growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Heights of Dialysis Patients and Outcomes: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study of the International MONitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) Database Initiative

Patel

Topping

et al. 2018

Blood Purif

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Background: Tall people have improved metabolic profiles and better cardiovascular outcomes, a relationship inverted in dialysis patients. We investigated the relationship between height and outcomes in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients commencing treatment in an analysis of the international Monitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) database. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included incident HD patients commencing treatment between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 and investigated the association between height and mortality using the MONDO database. A 6-months baseline period preceded 2.5 years of follow-up, during which we recorded patient mortality. Patients were stratified in region-specific deciles of the respective database’s population (Asia Pacific, North and South America, and Europe) and we developed Cox-proportional hazard models (additionally adjusted for age, gender, post-dialysis weight, eKt/V, albumin, interdialytic weight gain, phosphorus, and predialysis systolic blood pressure) for each database. Results: We studied 23,353 patients (62 ± 15 years old, 42% female, body mass index 26 ± 6 kg/m², height 165 ± 10 cm). We found a trend of increasing hazard ratio of death (HR) with increasing height for Asia Pacific, Europe, and South America. In the fully adjusted models, for South America, we found a trend of increasing HR without significance among deciles >5. In Europe, deciles 8–10 had significantly increased HR. No clear trend was found in North America. Conclusion: We found an increasing risk of death with increasing height in all regions, except North America. While the reasons remain unclear, further research may be warranted.

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“…The WHO/ UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form was predictive of breastfeeding outcomes in three studies, but was not predictive of exclusive breastfeeding in a fourth study. Two further studies described the determinants of poor scores on the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T tool including repeated crying, colic history, shorter sleeping episodes and regurgitation (Yalcin & Kuskonmaz, 2011), and primiparity, cracked nipples, mastitis, preterm and low birth weight babies and poor suckling (Goyal et al, 2011).…”

Section: Ability Of Tools To Predict Breastfeeding Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Managing very small infants, those with growth failure and other high-risk characteristics is particularly complex. Breastfeeding problems are common in this group but there are many other potential underlying causes and contributory factors ( Goh et al, 2016 ). Breastfeeding problems may be a primary cause or secondary to other causes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding assessment tools for at-risk and malnourished infants aged under 6 months old: a systematic review

Brugaletta

Roch

Saxton³

et al. 2020

F1000Res

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Background: Many small and malnourished infants under 6 months of age have problems with breastfeeding and restoring effective exclusive breastfeeding is a common treatment goal. Assessment is a critical first step of case management, but most malnutrition guidelines do not specify how best to do this. We aimed to identify breastfeeding assessment tools for use in assessing at-risk and malnourished infants in resource-poor settings. Methods: We systematically searched: Medline and Embase; Web of Knowledge; Cochrane Reviews; Eldis and Google Scholar databases. Also the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), CAse REport guidelines, Emergency Nutrition Network, and Field Exchange websites. Assessment tool content was analysed using a framework describing breastfeeding ‘domains’ (baby’s behaviour; mother’s behaviour; position; latching; effective feeding; breast health; baby’s health; mother’s view of feed; number, timing and length of feeds). Results: We identified 29 breastfeeding assessment tools and 45 validation studies. Eight tools had not been validated. Evidence underpinning most tools was low quality and mainly from high-income countries and hospital settings. The most comprehensive tools were the Breastfeeding, Evaluation and Education Tool, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools and CARE training package. The tool with the strongest evidence was the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form. Conclusions: Despite many possible tools, there is currently no one gold standard. For assessing malnourished infants in resource-poor settings, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools, Module IFE and the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form are the best available tools but could be improved by adding questions from other tools. Allowing for context, one tool for rapid community-based assessment plus a more detailed one for clinic/hospital assessment might help optimally identify breastfeeding problems and the support required. Further research is important to refine existing tools and develop new ones. Rigorous testing, especially against outcomes such as breastfeeding status and growth, is key.

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Failure to thrive in babies and toddlers

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Failure To Thrive In Children Under Two Years Of Age And Associated Factors, A Hospital- Based Study

Failure To Thrive In Children Under Two Years Of Age And Associated Factors, A Hospital- Based Study

Association between Heights of Dialysis Patients and Outcomes: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study of the International MONitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) Database Initiative

Breastfeeding assessment tools for at-risk and malnourished infants aged under 6 months old: a systematic review

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