“…More and more works have attempted to propose fairness metrics, according to various constraints such as distance and ratio between the proportion of a protected attribute and the overall attribute proportion (K. Yang & Stoyanovich, 2017), pairwise comparisons regarding utility and prediction errors (Beutel et al, 2019; Kuhlman et al, 2019; Yao & Huang, 2017b), exposure distributions against the desired distribution (Geyik et al, 2019; K. Yang & Stoyanovich, 2017). Several studies have compared existing fairness metrics (Chouldechova, 2017; Garg et al, 2020; Hinnefeld et al, 2018; Raj et al, 2020; Sapiezynski et al, 2019). Unlike metrics that only capture fairness, our work focuses on incorporating fairness into a unified metric that also accounts for standard IR metrics.…”