Fairness in Cognitive Radio Networks: Models, measurement methods, applications, and future research directions

Khan, Uzair; Dilshad, Naqqash; Rehmani, Mubashir Husain; Umer, Tariq

doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2016.07.008

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…We will st udy the tradeoff between the global optimization and the greedy approximation algorithm, so that even more practical solutions can be achieved. We also expect to apply this spatiotemporal assignment scheme to other resource shortage problems (e.g., [36,37]), while a global optimization is desired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDP: Minimum delay hot-spot parking

Liu

Dai

et al. 2017

Journal of Network and Computer Applications

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Hot-spot parking is becoming the Achilles' heel of the tourism industry. The more tourists that are attracted to the scenic site, the more often they will encounter a hassle of congestion to find a parking place; while those existing facilities for daily traffic are not supposed to support the excessive volume outburst. In this paper, we present a new parking guidance information system (PGI). By taking advantage of the technical advances of today in wireless communication of vehicular adhoc network, each vehicle will request and obtain a relatively fair opportunity to park. The competition and the corresponding allocation on the available slots emerging along the time scale are considered, in order to ensure that no vehicle enters a state of starvation. This is the first attempt to solve the spatiotemporal problem of resource assignment based on our extensive work on the Hungarian algorithm. The contribution as one part of the sustainable development of big historic cities is to minimize the idle driving and waiting, without increasing the parking supply, which could be costly and unnecessary to build in those urban areas. Both analytical and experimental results demonstrate the success of our effort, in terms of the average cruising/waiting time in each individual parking case and its upper bound. The data is compared with the best results known to date and shows a new direction to improve the resource assignment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDP: Minimum delay hot-spot parking

Liu

Dai

et al. 2017

Journal of Network and Computer Applications

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“…Based on supply and demand, PLOs trade their radio spectra to generate revenues for providing services to secondary users in the SSM. The spectrum auction process (i.e., secondary spectrum bids, spectrum broker, and SU requests) has been modelled as a sealed-bid spectrum auction as proposed in [7,39]. The focus of this work is on revenue redistribution and facilitation among the SSM entities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain Token-Based Trading Model for Secondary Spectrum Markets in Future Generation Mobile Networks

Khan

Jamali

Maksymyuk

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Cognitive radio (CR) technology offers the possibility of an increase in spectrum utilization efficiency to resolve the prevalent spectrum scarcity problem. The economic survival of secondary spectrum markets (SSMs) is heavily dependent on the sharing of both the licensed spectrum and spectrum infrastructure by primary licensed operators (PLOs). In this research, an automated pricing model using a blockchain token called the spectrum dollar has been implemented for secondary radio spectrum trade. The use of spectrum dollars enables noncash-based secondary spectrum trade among PLOs based on a floor-and-trade rule. The pricing of spectrum dollars and the associated revenue shares are based on the underlying secondary spectrum trading behaviours of PLOs. PLOs that do not contribute enough secondary spectra to the SSM (to satisfy demand) suffer a loss proportional to the difference between their earned revenues and the specified floor value in the SSM. The secondary spectrum trade is assumed to be centrally managed by a spectrum broker, which announces the floor value for each bidding period while ensuring nonnegative revenue for the market itself. The use of the spectrum dollar along with the floor-and-trade methodology eliminates the possibilities for economic malpractice by PLOs that could increase spectrum reuse costs. In addition, the floor value provides automatic regulatory control to ensure the economic viability and prevent the technological hijacking of future SSMs.

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“… Fairness : Many existing works focused on fairness in the channel assignment such that starvation to any SU could be avoided. Few works have also considered fairness in the traffic load where some channels are shared by many SUs while some channels are not Various performance metrics : Various performance metrics like throughput, latency, service time (end‐to‐end communication delay), and handoff delay are considered while assigning the channel.…”

Section: Basics Of Channel Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different fairness criteria for CRNs can be found in Khan et al, and a survey of fair channel assignment is done in Ahmed et al Most works maximize the minimum achievable transmission rate across all the SUs considering max‐min fairness . Most of the authors have adopted the fairness index proposed in Jain et al The formula states that if N coexistent SUs are required to be allocated with some resources and SU i receives allocation a i , then fairness index is given as follows:

f (a) = \frac{{[\sum_{i = 1}^{N} a_{i}]}^{2}}{\sum_{i = 1}^{N} a_{i}^{2}} .

Ma et al considered the situation where a PU leases its subcarriers to the SUs.…”

Section: Channel Assignment In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐layer perspective for channel assignment in cognitive radio networks: A survey

Gupta

Dhurandher

2019

Int J Communication

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Summary With the advent of various emerging wireless products, the usage of limited spectrum has grown exponentially in the recent years. In the next few years, that mobile data traffic globally is expected to grow up to 50 EB/month, which is nearly a five times increase over year 2018. Therefore, it will become extremely difficult to satisfy the ever increasing demand through the current fixed spectrum assignment policy in which spectrum band is exclusively used for the particular applications, and it has also led to underutilization of a significant portion of the spectrum (like TV bands). Cognitive radio networks has emerged as a possible solution for the problem which makes dynamic spectrum access possible for unlicensed user when licensed user is not active. Among various operations of cognitive radio, channel assignment to the unlicensed user is very important. Further, wireless regional area network is one of the most important application of cognitive radio, which provides wireless broadband to the rural area using vacant TV channels. This paper discusses channel assignment techniques considering various functionalities for cognitive radio networks in respect of wireless regional area network in the existing literature. Initially, a comprehensive introduction to both cognitive radio networks and wireless regional area networks is provided, and in the end, the paper summarizes the various issues and research challenges in the channel assignment for wireless regional area networks.

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Fairness in Cognitive Radio Networks: Models, measurement methods, applications, and future research directions

Cited by 29 publications

References 79 publications

MDP: Minimum delay hot-spot parking

MDP: Minimum delay hot-spot parking

A Blockchain Token-Based Trading Model for Secondary Spectrum Markets in Future Generation Mobile Networks

Cross‐layer perspective for channel assignment in cognitive radio networks: A survey

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