Fairness in International Trade and Investment: North American Perspectives

Bird, Frederick; Vance, Thomas W.; Woolstencroft, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8840-6_9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The comparative advantage theory has been applied to explain trade flows between countries, and this explains why Rwanda's interstate practices may be informed by what other countries in the EAC region are practising (Peter, 2015). As the emphasis shifts from absolute to relative advantage in delivery of international trade, parties to such arrangement at any given time must realize that there is the question of other factors of production, such as labour, which are not mobile.…”

Section: Comparative Advantage Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most of the EAC member countries share Kiswahili as a common language for easier trading, Rwanda does not compare to such peer countries in the region such as Tanzania and Kenya where Kiswahili is a national language. At the same time, Rwanda has had a unique history of political turmoil traced to the 1990s, which some international trade analysts argue that has often tended to place its national administration on the defensive when it comes to international trade matters (Peter, 2015). As a result, poor regulatory frameworks for the common market could remain hard to achieve in the short term, thereby denying the EAC countries the opportunity to collectively move forward international trade in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community

JEANNETTE,

MILUWI,

MUNGA

2023

RJIBM

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of non-tariff barriers on Rwanda’s international relations in the East African Community. The study was guided by comparative advantage theory. Descriptive research design was used to achieve the study objectives. The target population for this study constituted 184 officials of Rwanda’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation from whom a sample of 126 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using descriptive, inferential and thematic content analysis techniques. Analyzed statistical data was presented using tables and charts while qualitative data was documented using narratives. This study concluded that Non-tariff barriers have a positive and significant effect on Rwanda’s International Relations in East African Community. From the findings, this study recommended that the government of Rwanda should continue supporting and advocating for trade liberalization within the EAC. This can be achieved through negotiations within the EAC's Common External Tariff (CET) framework.

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Section: Comparative Advantage Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community

JEANNETTE,

MILUWI,

MUNGA

2023

RJIBM

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“…Accordingly, those states with superior bargaining powers will not be able to conclude negotiations without satisfying the interests of all parties. 18 Even states with strong bargaining power include fairness normative arguments in international negotiations, for example in cases of US bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations. 19 Of all norm-directed arguments, those regarding 'fairness' are raised most frequently in negotiations.…”

Section: What Are Normative Arguments?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The strategic use of normative arguments in international negotiations

Heimann

Herman

2020

International Relations

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This article claims that normative arguments play a greater role in negotiations than existing scholarship implies. While the approaches of communicative and rhetorical action limit the use of arguments to environments that meet certain conditions, in fact normative arguments are widely used and can be found in almost every example of negotiations. This article seeks to explain this phenomenon. Negotiating parties that feel obligated to tackle normative arguments raised by the opposing side – either because of the presence of an audience or to maintain its reputation – have a number of tools at their disposal. Negotiators who are unsuccessful in tackling these arguments will tend to offer a proposal that is more attractive to the other side. Although normative arguments do not generally have a sweeping influence on the outcome of negotiations, they are still likely to play a significant role. The article applies this theoretical framework to the case of the lengthy negotiations between the EEC and Israel, in which the former had no material motivation and desire to cede to Israel’s demands and nevertheless did so.

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“…The East African Community Treaty seeks to harmonize and rationalize investment incentives, including taxation, as the EAC region is promoted as a single investment area. Nevertheless, the legal and institutional frameworks for investments often remain country-specific, thereby inconveniencing certain countries in the region (Limao, 2006;Peter, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Regional Tariff Policy on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community: A Case of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

JEANNETTE,

MILUWI, PhD,

MUNGA

2023

strategicjournals.com

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This study established the influence of regional tariff policy on its international relations in the East African community. This study was guided by spatial theory of trade. Descriptive research design was used to achieve the study objectives. The target population for this study constituted 184 officials of Rwanda's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation from whom a sample of 126 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using descriptive, inferential and thematic content analysis techniques. Analyzed statistical data was presented using tables and charts while qualitative data was documented using narratives. This study concluded that regional tariff policy has a positive and significant effect on Rwanda's International Relations in East African Community. From the findings, this study recommended that the government should encourage the reduction of tariff barriers among member states to promote regional integration and expand market access for Rwandan goods and services. This can be achieved through negotiations within the EAC's Common External Tariff (CET) framework.

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Fairness in International Trade and Investment: North American Perspectives

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community

Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community

The strategic use of normative arguments in international negotiations

Influence of Regional Tariff Policy on Rwanda’s International Relations in the East African Community: A Case of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

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