Fairy Shrimps in California Rice Fields

Rosenberg, Lauren E.

doi:10.1126/science.104.2692.111-b

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This possibility merits further study. Throughout its worldwide distribution this crustacean can damage young rice seedlings both by feeding on them and by stirring up bottom sediments and decreasing light availability (Rosenberg 1947, Longhurst 1955 and Finfrock 1961, Crossland 1965. Rice fields are frequently treated with insecticides to control either mosquitoes breeding there or insects attacking the rice.…”

Section: Tadpole Shrimpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh‐Water Ponds

Hurlbert¹,

Mulla²,

Willson³

1972

Ecological Monographs

176

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Dursban, an organophosphorus insecticide, was applied on June 3, June 18, and July 1 to eight shallow (24 cm) experimental ponds near Bakersfield, California. Four ponds were treated at 0.028 kg/ha (=0.025 lb./acre), four were treated at 0.28 kg/ha, and four were kept as controls. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and insect populations were sampled on 21 dates between May 20 and August 16. Insect larvae and nymphs were more reduced in numbers than were insect adults, reflecting in part the ability of the latter to emigrate and immigrate. Twenty—four—hour posttreatment samples for the second and third, but not first, treatments showed greater reductions of predaceous Notonectidae, Dytiscidae, Coenagrionidae, larval Hydrophilidae) than of "herbivorous" (Corixidae, Baetidae, adult Hydrophilidae) insect populations. Predaceous insect populations generally recovered to control—pond levels more slowly than herbivorous insect populations. Five weeks after the last insecticide treatment, predaceous insects averaged only 45% and 9% as abundant in low dose and high dose ponds, respectively, as they were in control ponds (P < 0.02); corresponding figures for herbivorous insects were 108% and 206% (P < 0.10). Initially, Cyclops vernalis and Moina micrura were the only crustacean zooplankters present, and both experienced high mortality due to treatments. Recovery in low dose ponds was variable, requiring 1—3 weeks, and in high dose ponds occurred only 3—6 weeks after the final treatment. Populations of Diaptomus pallidus seemed unaffected by the lower rate of treatment, but became large only after Cyclops populations had been reduced by the insecticide or other factors. Ceriodaphnia sp. became abundant in late July or early August in all four control ponds but not in any treated ponds. Herbivorous rotifers, principally in the genera Brachhionus, Polyarthra, Hexarthra, Filinia, and Tripleuchlanis, increased dramatically, often five— to twentyfold, within 1—3 days after Moina and Cyclops populations were decimated by Dursban, but became abundant in control ponds only during the brief absence of Moina in early July. All planktonic rotifers, except Polyarthra, were more abundant in treated than in contro ponds; all benthic—littoral rotifers (e.g., Lecane, Monostyle, Tripleuchlanis, Platyias, Lepadella, Testudinella) were more abundant in control than in treated ponds. The predaceous rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli was 35 times more abundant in treated than in control ponds, feeding primarily on herbivorous rotifers, sometimes on Cyclops, Diaptomus, Moina, and large algae, and rarely on small mayfly (Baetidae) nymphs and chironomid larvae. Asplanchna populations were composed of three morphotypes, ampulliform, cruciform, and campanuliform, the last of which tended to be highly cannibalistic. The "wings" of humps of the cruciform morphotype apparently represent a mechanism for minimizing such cannibalism. The reduction of herbivorous crustaceans by Dursban and the restraint of herbivorous rotifers by Asplanchna predation permitted the ra...

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Section: Tadpole Shrimpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh‐Water Ponds

Hurlbert¹,

Mulla²,

Willson³

1972

Ecological Monographs

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Farley and Younce (1977) found that Gambusia had the best population growth and mosquito control when introduced to rice fields 15 to 25 DAF, as there was insufficient food in the fields when Gambusia were introduced earlier [42]. These studies were conducted when TPS was classified as a sporadic pest [11,12]. As previously mentioned, TPS hatch almost immediately upon flooding, and Gambusia would likely have to be applied within one or two DAF to prevent serious TPS damage.…”

Section: Considerations For the Use Of Gambusia In Rice Paddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, over the past several decades TPS' status has changed from being a sporadic pest [11] to a significant pest for California rice farmers. TPS damages rice by feeding directly on germinating rice seeds and seedlings, by stirring up silt that reduces the photosynthetic capacity of rice seedings while growing underwater, and by dislodging rice seedlings through their swimming and burrowing behaviors [12][13][14]. In California, over 90% of rice is aerial/direct seeded [15,16], meaning rice basins are flooded before seeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control Options for the Management of Tadpole Shrimp (Triops longicaudatus (LeConte)) in California Rice

Bloese,

Goding,

Godfrey

2024

Preprint

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Tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus) has become a major pest for California rice farmers. Currently, management relies solely on the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin. However, resistance to this pyrethroid was confirmed in 2016, thus identifying an effective and practical biological control method for TPS is a priority. Field trials were conducted from 2017 to 2018 to: (1) evaluate the efficacy of the predatory fish Gambusia affinis and the predatory beetles, Laccophilus maculosus (Say) and Tropisternus lateralis (Fabricius), in controlling TPS, (2) test the efficacy of several inoculation rates of Gambusia affinis at controlling TPS and (3) to explore early indicators of TPS activity and damage as monitoring tools. Both Gambusia affinis and the predatory beetle treatments were not significantly different from the commercial standard (lambda-cyhalothrin). Both four and five Gambusia per 1 m2 controlled TPS as well as lambda-cyhalothrin, and we observed that Gambusia affinis was able to reproduce in the field. Water turbidity was significantly correlated with TPS counts (R = 0.85, N = 20, P &lt; 0.0001 (2017); R = 0.58, N = 30, P = 0.0007 (2018)). The number of dislodged seedlings was less reliably correlated with TPS count; in 2017 correlations were significant (R = 0.84, N = 20, P &lt; 0.0001), however, in 2018 correlations were not significant (R = 0.18, N = 30, P = 0.35). With further refinement water turbidity could play a valuable role in monitoring TPS populations.

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On Apus: its rediscovery in Britain, nomenclature and habits

Fox

1949

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

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Summary. Until 1948 Triops cancriformis (Bosc) had only been recorded five times in Britain, namely in 1738, 1816, about 1830, in 1907 and 1935. It has been found again in 1947 and 1948 in the same Hampshire pool from which it was recorded in 1935; it seems thus to be endemie. A historical account is given of the two best‐known species of Notostraca, Triops cancriformis (Bosc) and Lepidurus apus (L.). It is proposed to suppress the Linnaean genus Monoculus. In Triops, as in Daphnia, the amount of haemoglobin in the blood is inversely proportional to the oxygen content of the water in which the animal lives. Triops swims up to the water surface in response to a stimulus of oxygen deficiency more often when its blood is poor than when it is rich in haemoglobin. The paired eyes of Triops are in continual movement, like the eye of Daphnia and the eyes of crayfish. The trembling movement may assist the animals to perceive objects in the surroundings.

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Fairy Shrimps in California Rice Fields

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh‐Water Ponds

Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh‐Water Ponds

Biological Control Options for the Management of Tadpole Shrimp (Triops longicaudatus (LeConte)) in California Rice

On Apus: its rediscovery in Britain, nomenclature and habits

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