“…There have been several studies in recent years on the humanitarian activities of FBOs ( e.g ., Benedetti, ; Clarke, ; Thaut, ; Barnett and Gross Stein, ). Ferris (, ) have examined the contexts in which FBOs and secular organizations operate, the different roles these organizations play, and the difficulties they encounter in humanitarian crises. Ghandour (:2) has focused specifically on Muslim FBOs, noting that these organizations “do not understand (or do not accept) that a humanitarian gesture, whatever its origin, could be made outside the scope of religious values, considering that religion is the guarantor of morals, charity, good behavior and virtue.” Benthall () and De Cordier () have shown that Islamic organizations such as Islamic Relief and Muslim Aid have a comparative advantage because of their cultural proximity in contexts where the majority of the beneficiaries are coreligionists and locals perceive Western humanitarian actors as influences which represent, spread, and promote alien Western values.…”