Fake News and Fact Check News Differences : Focusing on News Usage, Perception, and Literacy in Multi-Media Environments

Impact of the Newspaper in Education Program and Parental Mediation on Adolescents’ Social Participation: A Focus on the Mediated Effects of News Use Behavior and Self-Expression

“…Kim & Kim, 2013). A. Kim (2017) asserted that adolescents who use news online can communicate with others by reading comments on news articles shared online and writing their thoughts and opinions, thus increasing their social participation.…”

“…A. Kim (2017) asserted that adolescents who use news online can communicate with others by reading comments on news articles shared online and writing their thoughts and opinions, thus increasing their social participation. In addition, by conducting in-depth interviews with adolescents to analyze the relationship between displaying empathy with comments written on the internet and social participation, scholars found that empathy created in the comment section of online news articles led to actual social participatory actions such as participating in impeachment protests or boycotting corporations that abuse their power (S. Lee & Jang, 2018).…”

Ideological and economic influences on journalistic autonomy and cynicism: A moderating role of digital adaptation of news organizations

“…Due to the financial difficulties of newspaper companies, business-friendly news has greatly increased over the past two decades (Lee and Baek, 2018). The larger the advertisers, the more news articles about them and the more positive the articles were (Kim, 2013; Lim et al, 2014); and thus, advertisers were the most influential external factor affecting freedom of the press (Sa, 2009). Taken together, the journalists in Korea may feel the burden of producing articles profitable for their companies.…”

“…In Korea, as described above, advertisers can influence journalists directly and indirectly via management (Kim, 2013; Lee and Baek, 2018; Lim et al, 2014; Sa, 2009). In an interview study, managing editors in 10 Korean daily newspapers admitted that their editorial autonomy is often challenged by the owners, management, and advertisers, and that it is difficult to resist them, considering the financial conditions of their companies (Lee and Kim, 2015).…”

“…This shift can be explained by the increasing dependency of media companies on advertisers and shareholders (Lee and Baek, 2018). As mentioned, larger companies as advertisers can have greater influences on news media (Lim et al, 2014). Therefore, news media employees including journalists might feel obliged to contribute to generating profits.…”