I n the recent literature, several interesting articles have been published using the zona pellucdia (ZP)-bound sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to enhance embryo quality, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. [1][2][3] The three studies were performed independently in different ART clinics. In the test group, patients' sibling immature (either germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I) oocytes were used to harvest the ZP-bound sperm, which were used for injection of mature oocytes. In the control group, ICSI patients with similar female age and sperm profiles had ICSI with standard sperm selection by the embryologist subjectively choosing the sperm. 2,3 The results showed that the proportion of high-quality embryos (grades 1 and 2) and implantation rates were higher with ICSI using ZP-bound sperm than with conventional sperm selection. More pregnancies were achieved in the ZP-bound sperm group although clinical (fetal heart detected) pregnancy rates did not reach statistical significance between the two groups, likely due to small sample sizes. These preliminary reports suggest that ZPselected sperm appear to be superior to subjectively selected sperm for ICSI. If this finding can be further verified by a large clinical study, the use of the ZP-bound sperm for ICSI could be applied more widely in ICSI to enhance pregnancy outcome.In the literature, some studies have been reported that in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos produced relatively higher implantation and clinical pregnancy rates compared to ICSI embryos. 4,5 It is possible that some ICSI patients with low implantation or pregnancy may result from injection of inadequate or poor-quality sperm, for example, with abnormal morphological or DNA damaged sperm. [6][7][8][9] As the majority of ICSI patients are male factor infertility and they have variable abnormal ejaculated sperm, particularly those with high proportion of DNA damaged sperm, subjective manual method is inconsistent or unable to select a most competent sperm for ICSI. Thus it is necessary to develop an objective and efficient method for selection of the most competent sperm for ICSI.Over the many years since ICSI was first introduced in 1992, ICSI has been using the same sperm preparation methods as conventional IVF, such as swim-up or discontinuous density gradients centrifugation. These classic methods are predominately designed to harvest large numbers of motile sperm and to eliminate non-sperm cells and debris. However, these sperm preparation methods are less or not effective in the selection of sperm with normal morphology and normal DNA. [10][11][12][13] For conventional IVF, it is adequate to inseminate oocytes using motile sperm selected by these methods since the sperm which fertilizes will be further selected through the biological process of spermoocyte interaction, especially sperm-ZP binding. [14][15][16][17] In contrast with conventional ICSI, this additional selection does not occur. The embryologists subjectively select a sperm based only on motility and gr...