Fallen trees’ last stand against bark beetles

Louis, Marceau; Dohet, Loïc; Grégoire, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.046

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Between outbreaks, beetles persist at small endemic populations in scattered refuges of food. When there is a sudden increase in suitable hosts and favorable weather conditions [11,12], they erupt to outbreak numbers [13][14][15]. The heat-and drought-induced physiological stress on trees likely triggers the development of forest insects, such as bark beetles [12,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Favorable microclimatic conditions induced by topography, as well as temperature and sunlight, may enhance the probability of local attack [25,26]. Regarding host selection processes in I. typographus populations, prior studies listed tree vigor and physiology [15,27,28], forest composition and host characteristics [25,29,30], and the distance from previous infestations [31,32] as the most significant factors influencing the probability that a site will be infested. There is evidence that solar radiation affects infestation patterns of I. typographus [26,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Solar Radiation as a Driver for Bark Beetle Infestation on a Landscape Scale

Mezei

Potterf

Škvarenina

et al. 2019

Forests

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In recent decades, Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) forests of the High Tatra Mountains have suffered unprecedented tree mortality caused by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of bark beetle outbreaks across the landscape in consecutive years can provide new insights into the population dynamics of tree-killing insects. A bark beetle outbreak occurred in the High Tatra Mountains after a storm damaged more than 10,000 ha of forests in 2004. We combined yearly Landsat-derived bark beetle infestation spots from 2006 to 2014 and meteorological data to identify the susceptibility of forest stands to beetle infestation. We found that digital elevation model (DEM)-derived potential radiation loads predicted beetle infestation, especially in the peak phase of beetle epidemic. Moreover, spots attacked at the beginning of our study period had higher values of received solar radiation than spots at the end of the study period, indicating that bark beetles prefer sites with higher insolation during outbreak. We conclude that solar radiation, easily determined from the DEM, better identified beetle infestations than commonly used meteorological variables. We recommend including potential solar radiation in beetle infestation prediction models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Solar Radiation as a Driver for Bark Beetle Infestation on a Landscape Scale

Mezei

Potterf

Škvarenina

et al. 2019

Forests

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show abstract

“…The experimental protocol was primarily designed to answer other questions, i.e. the temporal changes in the nutritional value of windthrows for bark beetles [ 7 ] and the temporal changes in windthrow defences [ 8 ]. This latter study showed that the trees lost most of their defences with approximately 12 µg g −1 (dry weight) and 18 µg g −1 of the constitutive and induced terpenes, respectively (versus 2 mg g −1 (constitutive) and up to 18 mg g −1 (induced) in living spruces).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of weakened trees by mass-attacking bark beetles: no penalty for pioneers, scattered initial distributions and final regular patterns

et al. 2018

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Bark beetles use aggregation pheromones to promote group foraging, thus increasing the chances of an individual to find a host and, when relevant, to overwhelm the defences of healthy trees. When a male beetle finds a suitable host, it releases pheromones that attract potential mates as well as other ‘spying’ males, which result in aggregations on the new host. To date, most studies have been concerned with the use of aggregation pheromones by bark beetles to overcome the defences of living, well-protected trees. How insects behave when facing undefended or poorly defended hosts remains largely unknown. The spatio-temporal pattern of resource colonization by the European eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, was quantified when weakly defended hosts (fallen trees) were attacked. In many of the replicates, colonization began with the insects rapidly scattering over the available surface and then randomly filling the gaps until a regular distribution was established, which resulted in a constant decrease in nearest-neighbour distances to a minimum below which attacks were not initiated. The scattered distribution of the first attacks suggested that the trees were only weakly defended. A minimal theoretical distance of 2.5 cm to the earlier settlers (corresponding to a density of 3.13 attacks dm−2) was calculated, but the attack density always remained lower, between 0.4 and 1.2 holes dm−2, according to our observations.

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“…wind damaged trees are attacked over a year after the storm event (e.g. Eriksson et al, 2005;Louis et al, 2016aLouis et al, , 2014. The flight activity and development of the overwintered beetles starts in the spring as the air temperature rises above 20 °C (Annila, 1969).…”

Section: Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bark beetles benefit from weakened trees and especially from storm events creating suitable forest edge habitat (Peltonen, 1999;Hedgren et al, 2003;Kautz et al, 2013) as well as low resistant breeding material (Louis et al, 2014(Louis et al, , 2016a. Wind damaged trees may help the bark beetle population grow to level where healthy trees are colonized (e.g.…”

Section: Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating mechanistic disturbance models and stand dynamics of Norway spruce

Honkaniemi¹

2017

Diss. For.

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Disturbances, caused by abiotic and biotic agents, are discrete events in time disrupting the ecosystem and resulting in the reduction of plant biomass. They play a key role in forest ecosystems, but in the managed forests pose a risk to forest productivity. The projected climate change is expected to increase the risk of various disturbances in the boreal forests. In Europe, the major risks threatening the Norway spruce (Picea abies) dominated stands are caused by Heterobasidion root rot, wind storms, and European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). Heterobasidion root rot causes growth losses, mortality and decreases the timber quality. It also decreases the mechanical stability of the tree against wind load and increases the stand vulnerability for wind damages. Bark beetles benefit from the low resistance breeding material, i.e., wind damaged trees, when the population is low and can emerge as outbreaks in the right conditions. This thesis presents a simulation framework WINDROT to simulate the interactive dynamics of these disturbance agents. WINDROT consists of four simulation models, each responsible for either the dynamics of the host or one of the disturbance agents. A stand level decision support system, MOTTI, simulates the growth and dynamics of tree stands as affected by forest management, and provides inputs for mechanistic models Hmodel, HWIND and BBDYN simulating the dynamics and effects of disturbance agents. The model performance analyses in tree and stand scale showed that; i) the Heterobasidion dynamics are driven by primary and secondary infections on large stumps; ii) increasing intensity of Heterobasidion root rot damages increases the risk for wind damages; and iii) the increasing wind damages increased the subsequent bark beetle damages. The simulation framework can be used to analyze the sensitivity of different forest management regimes to the risks posed by these damages alone and in various combinations.

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Fallen trees’ last stand against bark beetles

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Potential Solar Radiation as a Driver for Bark Beetle Infestation on a Landscape Scale

Potential Solar Radiation as a Driver for Bark Beetle Infestation on a Landscape Scale

Colonization of weakened trees by mass-attacking bark beetles: no penalty for pioneers, scattered initial distributions and final regular patterns

Integrating mechanistic disturbance models and stand dynamics of Norway spruce

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