Falling Consumption and Demand for Electricity in South Africa - A Blessing and a Curse

Andrade, Jorge Vleberton Bessa de; Salles, Rafael S.; Silva, Maise N. S.; Bonatto, Benedito Donizeti

doi:10.1109/powerafrica49420.2020.9219878

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Europe [3,6,7,11,12,18,30,32,33,39] Italy, France, Germany, Spain Asia [3,5,10,18,[27][28][29]34,35,39] China, India, Japan Africa [19,36,37,39] South Africa Australia [40] Table 3. Search expressions that were used in the literature review.…”

Section: Continent References Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Systems and Electric Power Grids—A Review of the Challenges Ahead

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic represents not just a global health crisis, but may signal the beginning of a new era of economic activity, the potential consequences of which we currently do not fully understand. In this context, the mid-to-long-range impacts of the pandemic on the energy sector have been studied extensively in the last few months. Despite these efforts, the pandemic still raises many open questions concerning the long-term operation and planning of power systems. For instance, how will the pandemic affect the integration of renewable energy sources? Should current power system expansion plans change in light of the COVID-19 pandemic? What new tools should be provided to support system operators during global health crises? It is the purpose of this paper to better understand the many aspects of these open questions by reviewing the relevant recent literature and by analyzing measured data. We point out the main challenges that the pandemic introduced by presenting patterns of electricity generation and demand, frequency deviations, and load forecasting. Moreover, we suggest directions for future research that may assist in coping with the mentioned challenges. We hope that this paper will trigger fruitful discussions and encourage further research on these important emerging topics.

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Section: Continent References Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Systems and Electric Power Grids—A Review of the Challenges Ahead

et al. 2021

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“…Countries like Italy, India, Germany, and the United States (US) experienced a 30% drop in demand and a 12–20% drop in France, Germany, Spain, India, and the United Kingdom ( Mousazadeh et al, 2021 ). In South Africa, the power utility Eskom experienced a break-in electricity demand due to stay-at-home regulations and economic slowdown( Andrade et al, 2020 ). Essentially government policies and the economic downtown induced by COVID-19 during the initial first wave of the pandemic reduced the demand for fossil fuels and natural gas ( Bertram et al, 2021 ; Le Quéré et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Short-term Positive Impacts Of Covid-19 On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development goals under threat? Multidimensional impact of COVID-19 on our planet and society outweigh short term global pollution reduction

Qadeer

Anis

Ajmal

et al. 2022

Sustainable Cities and Society

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“…The reduction was mainly observed during working days with an average 14.5% reduction while during weekends the reduction observed was around 10.6%. In the African region, one example is the study conducted by researchers in [28] , where an exploratory research aimed at investigating the impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the South African power grid was performed. According to the authors, the electricity consumption and peak demand in South Africa decreased by 28.1% and 20.2%, respectively; exacerbating issues in the reliability of the South African electric grid.…”

Section: Related Work and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Feasibility of Load-Changing Attacks in Power Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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The electric power grid is a complex cyberphysical energy system (CPES) in which information and communication technologies (ICT) are integrated into the operations and services of the power grid infrastructure. The growing number of Internet-of-things (IoT) high-wattage appliances, such as air conditioners and electric vehicles, being connected to the power grid, together with the high dependence of ICT and control interfaces, make CPES vulnerable to high-impact, low-probability load-changing cyberattacks. Moreover, the side-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate a modification of electricity consumption patterns with utilities experiencing significant net-load and peak reductions. These unusual sustained low load demand conditions could be leveraged by adversaries to cause frequency instabilities in CPES by compromising hundreds of thousands of IoT-connected high-wattage loads. This article presents a feasibility study of the impacts of load-changing attacks on CPES during the low loading conditions caused by the lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The load demand reductions caused by the lockdown measures are analyzed using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), focusing on the March-to-July 2020 period and the New York region as the most impacted time period and location in terms of load reduction due to the lockdowns being in full execution. Our feasibility study evaluates load-changing attack scenarios using real load consumption data from the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) and shows that an attacker with sufficient knowledge and resources could be capable of producing frequency stability problems, with frequency excursions going up to 60.5 Hz and 63.4 Hz, when no mitigation measures are taken.

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Falling Consumption and Demand for Electricity in South Africa - A Blessing and a Curse

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Systems and Electric Power Grids—A Review of the Challenges Ahead

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Systems and Electric Power Grids—A Review of the Challenges Ahead

Sustainable development goals under threat? Multidimensional impact of COVID-19 on our planet and society outweigh short term global pollution reduction

On the Feasibility of Load-Changing Attacks in Power Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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