Water table variations between drains have been investigated by various researchers in response to transient recharge. Recent studies have shown the importance of incorporating the effect of evapotranspiration (ET) in the design of subsurface drainage systems. In arid and semi-arid regions, ET plays a crucial role in lowering the water table resulting in increased drain spacing. In this paper, a numerical solution of two-dimensional free surface flow to ditch drains is presented in presence of transient recharge and depth-dependent ET from land surface for an aquifer with sloping impermeable base. The midpoint water table variations obtained from the proposed solution compare well with experimental results as well as already existing mathematical solution. When ET from the land surface is taken into account in combination with recharge, the model results can provide accurate and reliable estimates of water table fluctuation under complex situations, which are highly related to the hydrology of waterlogged and saline soils.
NotationsL = Length of aquifer [L] B = Width of aquifer [L] b = A constant that depends on soil type [T 1 ] C = T / X E(h) = ET as a function of water table height [LT 1 ] E 0 = Constant ET [LT 1 ] f = Drainable porosity [L 3 /L 3 ] h = Variable water table height [L] h 0 = Initial water table height [L] H = Dimensionless water table height [L/L] H n l,m = Dimensionless water table elevation at 'l' th and 'm' th nodes corresponding to 'n' th time level K = Hydraulic conductivity [LT 1 ] l, m, n = Subscripts denoting the variables in space and time 780 S. SINGH AND C. S. JAISWAL R(t) = Transient rate of recharge [LT 1 ] R 0 + R 1 = Initial rate of transient recharge [LT 1 ] R 1 = Final rate of transient recharge [LT 1 ] r = Decay constant for recharge rate [T 1 ] t = Time [T] T = Dimensionless time V n l,m = Value of dimensionless head at 'l' th and 'm' th nodes corresponding to 'n' th time level x,y = Coordinate axes [L] X, Y = Dimensionless space coordinates α = Slope of impermeable aquifer base = Increment operator θ = Coefficient used to discriminate the finite-difference scheme