Falls and Instability in the Elderly

Rubenstein, Laurence Z.; Robbins, Alan S.; Schulman, Barbara; Rosado, Juan A.; Osterweil, Dan; Josephson, Karen R.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb01811.x

Cited by 257 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These results contradict the studies of Gryfre et al 26 and Rubenstein et al 27 , which showed positive correlations between the strength of the knee extensor muscles,, balance and the functional capability of elderly people. Gür and Çakin 28 proposed an explanation for this contradiction using multiple evaluations of the muscular groups which activate and move the knee.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan na força dos músculos extensores dos joelhos e no equilíbrio em idosas

Pereira¹,

Oliveira²,

Maf³

et al. 2008

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan na força dos músculos extensores dos joelhos e no equilíbrio em idosas

Pereira¹,

Oliveira²,

Maf³

et al. 2008

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that with advancing age, there is an increasing incidence of falling [1][2][3][4]. In the age 65 and over population, for example, 35-40% of community dwelling, generally healthy elderly persons fall annually [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1998, approximately 10,000 people over the age of 65 year died from fall-related injuries [30]. Specifically, 75% of deaths due to falls in the United States occur in 13% of the population aged 65 and over [4]. Physical injury is only part of the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related slip avoidance strategy while walking over a known slippery floor surface

2007

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When confronted with impending slip/fall situations, gait parameters are adjusted accordingly to avoid slipping. This study was conducted to assess age-related slip avoidance strategy by measuring gait parameters and muscle activity characteristics of the lower extremities (hamstrings, calves, and quadriceps) of both young and older participants while ambulating successfully over a known slippery floor surface. Fourteen younger and 14 older adults participated in this study. First, a baseline measure was collected to study normal gait prior to any exposure to slipping. A second measure was collected following a slip from a contaminated floor surface, but before the initiation of a second slip, where the participants were able to view the contaminated surface before traversing it. The results indicated that there were significant gait parameter differences between normal-dry walking conditions and contaminated-slippery walking conditions. In general, participants (young and old) reduced step length, friction utilization, and heel contact velocity from normal gait to adjusted gait conditions. Furthermore, results also indicated that there were differences in gait parameters and muscle activity characteristics between the two age groups for both a normal gait condition and a gait condition requiring adjustment. Findings suggested that older individuals required an additional step to properly adjust gait for a contaminated walking surface.

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“…Many studies have indicated that with advancing age there is an increasing incidence of fatal slip and fall injuries (Agnew & Suruda, 1993;Campbell, Reinken, Allan, & Martinez, 1981;Donald & Bulpitt, 1999;Murphy, 2000;Rubenstein et al, 1988). Falls are the leading cause of death resulting from injury among older adults (over age 75) and the second highest cause of accidental death for 45-to 75-year-olds (National Safety Council, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging on the Biomechanics of Slips and Falls

2005

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Although much has been learned in recent decades about the deterioration of muscular strength, gait adaptations, and sensory degradation among older adults, little is known about how these intrinsic changes affect biomechanical parameters associated with slip-induced fall accidents. In general, the objective of this laboratory study was to investigate the process of initiation, detection, and recovery of inadvertent slips and falls. We examined the initiation of and recovery from foot slips among three age groups utilizing biomechanical parameters, muscle strength, and sensory measurements. Forty-two young, middle-age, and older participants walked around a walking track at a comfortable pace. Slippery floor surfaces were placed on the track over force platforms at random intervals without the participants' awareness. Results indicated that younger participants slipped as often as the older participants, suggesting that the likelihood of slip initiation is similar across all age groups; however, older individuals? recovery process was much slower and less effective. The ability to successfully recover from a slip (thus preventing a fall) is believed to be affected by lower extremity muscle strength and sensory degradation among older individuals. Results from this research can help pinpoint possible intervention strategies for improving dynamic equilibrium among older adults.

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Falls and Instability in the Elderly

Cited by 257 publications

References 65 publications

Efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan na força dos músculos extensores dos joelhos e no equilíbrio em idosas

Efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan na força dos músculos extensores dos joelhos e no equilíbrio em idosas

Age-related slip avoidance strategy while walking over a known slippery floor surface

Effects of Aging on the Biomechanics of Slips and Falls

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