Falls by Elderly People at Home: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Blake, Austin J.; Morgan, Kelly; Bendall, M. J.; Dallosso, Helen; Ebrahim, S; Arie, Tom; Fentem, P. H.; Bassey, E. J.

doi:10.1093/ageing/17.6.365

Cited by 1,073 publications

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“…Although several investigators have reported that hypnotic medications increase the risk of falling (Granek et al 1987;Blake et al 1988;Mustard and Mayer 1997), our results contradicted their findings. A case control study of data from a Dutch record linkage system (n = 300,000) concluded that benzodiazepines comprise a major, independent risk factor for falls leading to femoral fractures and that the increased risk might be explained by prescribing doses that are too high for the elderly (Herings et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Stroke and arthritis are risk factors for falls (Nevitt et al 1989;O'Loughlin et al 1993;Lord et al 2001;Mitchell et al 2013). In addition, taking hypnotic or multiple medications might also be associated with risk of falling (Granek et al 1987;Blake et al 1988;Mustard and Mayer 1997;Evci et al 2006;Mitchell et al 2013). Population-based studies in Japan have found that stroke (Yasumura et al 1994) and knee pain (Muraki et al 2011) are associated with falls, but associations between falls and medications (hypnotics and multiple prescriptions) among community-dwelling individuals in Japan have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Falls Are Associated with Stroke, Arthritis and Multiple Medications among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons in Japan

Mizukami

Arima

Abe

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Falls are a major public health problem and the second leading cause of death due to unintentional accidental injury after road traffic accidents. Inactive, older individuals with several chronic illnesses fall more frequently than older individuals who are active and healthy. No population-based study has addressed the association of stroke, arthritis, hypnotic and other prescription medications with falls among the elderly simultaneously in a single population in Japan. We examined the prevalence of falls among community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals, whom we randomly selected from a list of inhabitants aged ≥ 65 years compiled from the resident registration, and the associations between falls and each of stroke, arthritis, and hypnotic and other prescription medications. We interviewed 295 men and 307 women, and collected information about the number of falls during the latest one year, hemiplegia due to stroke, arthritis in the legs, and the number of hypnotic and other medications. We found that 46 men (16%) and 67 women (22%) had fallen at least once during the latest one year. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age showed that hemiplegia due to stroke (p < 0.001), arthritis in the legs (p < 0.001), and taking at least four daily prescription medications (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with falls in men. Arthritis in the legs (p = 0.05) and taking at least four daily prescription medications (p < 0.05) were associated with falls in women. Treatment of fall-related diseases and medication management are important strategies for reducing falls among elderly persons.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls Are Associated with Stroke, Arthritis and Multiple Medications among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons in Japan

Mizukami

Arima

Abe

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The majority of falls (over 60%) in this age group are in the forward direction 2 , and 53% of falls 3 and 20% of hip fractures 4 are reported as the result of a trip. In non-fatal falls, almost half of all fallers are unable to get up without help 5 , and nearly one-third of falls in community dwelling older adults have been reported to produce pain lasting for 2 or more days 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

et al. 2015

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Studying the relationships between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure (COP) during walking has been shown to be useful in determining movement stability. The aim of the current study was to compare COM-COP separation measures during walking between groups of older adults with no history of falling, and a history of falling due to tripping or slipping. Any differences between individuals who have fallen due to a slip and those who have fallen due to a trip in measures of dynamic balance could potentially indicate differences in the mechanisms responsible for falls. Forty older adults were allocated into groups based on their self-reported fall history during walking. The non-faller group had not experienced a fall in at least the previous year. Participants who had experienced a fall were split into two groups based on whether a trip or slip resulted in the fall(s). A Vicon system was used to collect full body kinematic trajectories. Two force platforms were used to measure ground reaction forces. The COM was significantly further ahead of the COP at heel strike for the trip (14.3±2.7cm) and slip (15.3±1.1cm) groups compared to the nonfallers (12.0±2.7cm). COM was significantly further behind the COP at foot flat for the slip group (-14.9±3.6cm) compared to the non-faller group (-10.3±3.9cm). At mid-swing, the COM of the trip group was ahead of the COP (0.9±1.6cm), whereas for the slip group the COM was behind the COP (-1.2±2.2cm). These results show identifiable differences in dynamic balance control of walking between older adults with a history of tripping or slipping and non-fallers.

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“…Specifically, tripping over obstacles is responsible for 53% of falls in older adults (Blake et al, 1988). These falls result in serious injury, immobility, loss of independence, and even death (Tinetti & Williams, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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DEDICATIONI dedicate this thesis to my Poppa, John Joseph Lacey. You have taught me the meaning of dignity.iii ABSTRACTThe effects of postural threat and the potential consequences of obstacle contact on the obstacle negotiation kinematics among younger and older adults were examined. Seventeen older (OA; 7 males, 10 females; mean age, 68.94 ± 4.85) and fifteen younger adults (YA; 5 males, 10 females; mean age, 22.53 ± 2.77) negotiated virtual and real obstacles while walking at a self-determined velocity along a 7.2m walkway under 4 different conditions of postural threat. Postural threat was manipulated by varying the width (0.60m versus 0.15m) and height (floor versus elevated (0.00m versus 0.60m)) of the walkway. Postural threat altered crossing kinematics for all subjects. Specifically, age-related differences emerged with increasing postural threat, however die changes observed among older adults were considerably different from those of younger adults. Additionally, there was an effect for the potential consequences of obstacle contact, however, no age-related differences emerged. These results revealed an effect for postural threat and obstacle characteristics on the negotiation strategies of younger and older adults. Both postural threat and obstacle characteristics elicit conservative crossing kinematics in younger and older adults. Specifically, these findings illustrate age-dependent differences in obstacle negotiation strategies and that postural threat affects older adults differently than younger adults whereas the potential consequences of obstacle contact affects younger and older adults equally. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe did it! This thesis would not have been possible without die support of my family and friends. I would like to show my appreciation to everyone who encouraged and stood by me during the creation of this thesis.

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Falls by Elderly People at Home: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Cited by 1,073 publications

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Falls Are Associated with Stroke, Arthritis and Multiple Medications among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons in Japan

Falls Are Associated with Stroke, Arthritis and Multiple Medications among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons in Japan

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

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